An Interdental Radiolucent Lesion of Mandible: A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis

Aim: The present article discusses a case which was an accidental finding in uncommon location. Case Report: A 70-year-old apparently healthy woman presented with proximal caries on mesial surface of canine and exhibited mild sensitivity to percussion. An intraoral periapical radiograph demonstrated interdental bone loss along with a diffuse unilocular radiolucent lesion between the canine and premolar region. Pathologies such as Radicular cyst,  Lateral Periodontal Cyst, Collateral Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT), Squamous Odontogenic Tumor (SOT), Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG), Extrafollicular Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT), other possible odontogenic and mesenchymal lesions with similar presentation in the anterior jaw were considered and discussed in our differential diagnosis. Conclusion: After histopathological examination of the incisional biopsy, the lesion was diagnosed of KCOT. The lesion was treated with carnoy’s solution prior to surgical enucleation. The patient had been under regular follow-up for 2 years and showed no recurrence

Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial

Aims The objective of the Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT) was to determine whether aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, would improve post-discharge outcomes in patients with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) with reduced ejection fraction. Pre-specified subgroup analyses suggested potential heterogeneity in post-discharge outcomes with aliskiren in patients with and without baseline diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and results ASTRONAUT included 953 patients without DM (aliskiren 489; placebo 464) and 662 patients with DM (aliskiren 319; placebo 343) (as reported by study investigators). Study endpoints included the first occurrence of cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 and 12 months, all-cause death within 6 and 12 months, and change from baseline in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 1, 6, and 12 months. Data regarding risk of hyperkalaemia, renal impairment, and hypotension, and changes in additional serum biomarkers were collected. The effect of aliskiren on cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 months (primary endpoint) did not significantly differ by baseline DM status (P = 0.08 for interaction), but reached statistical significance at 12 months (non-DM: HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99; DM: HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.47; P = 0.03 for interaction). Risk of 12-month all-cause death with aliskiren significantly differed by the presence of baseline DM (non-DM: HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94; DM: HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15-2.33; P < 0.01 for interaction). Among non-diabetics, aliskiren significantly reduced NT-proBNP through 6 months and plasma troponin I and aldosterone through 12 months, as compared to placebo. Among diabetic patients, aliskiren reduced plasma troponin I and aldosterone relative to placebo through 1 month only. There was a trend towards differing risk of post-baseline potassium ≥6 mmol/L with aliskiren by underlying DM status (non-DM: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.71-1.93; DM: HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.30-4.42; P = 0.07 for interaction). Conclusion This pre-specified subgroup analysis from the ASTRONAUT trial generates the hypothesis that the addition of aliskiren to standard HHF therapy in non-diabetic patients is generally well-tolerated and improves post-discharge outcomes and biomarker profiles. In contrast, diabetic patients receiving aliskiren appear to have worse post-discharge outcomes. Future prospective investigations are needed to confirm potential benefits of renin inhibition in a large cohort of HHF patients without D

Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions provides insights into schizophrenia risk

Transcriptomic imputation approaches combine eQTL reference panels with large-scale genotype data in order to test associations between disease and gene expression. These genic associations could elucidate signals in complex genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci and may disentangle the role of different tissues in disease development. We used the largest eQTL reference panel for the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to create a set of gene expression predictors and demonstrate their utility. We applied DLPFC and 12 GTEx-brain predictors to 40,299 schizophrenia cases and 65,264 matched controls for a large transcriptomic imputation study of schizophrenia. We identified 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions. Stepwise conditioning identified 67 non-MHC genes, of which 14 did not fall within previous GWAS loci. We identified 36 significantly enriched pathways, including hexosaminidase-A deficiency, and multiple porphyric disorder pathways. We investigated developmental expression patterns among the 67 non-MHC genes and identified specific groups of pre- and postnatal expression

Assessment of haematological parameters in patients with OSMF

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is an insidious disease affecting any part of the oral cavity and predominantly occurs among Indians. The present study was conducted to assess haematological parameters in patients with OSMF. Materials &amp; Methods: 46 patients of OSMF of both genders and 46 healthy control were selected. Five millilitres of fasting venous blood were obtained to calculate haemoglobin level using and Sahli's method and the ferrone system was used for serum iron levels measurement. The chemiluminescent microparticle intrinsic factor test was used to quantify vitamin B12 in human serum. Results: Group I had 26 males and 20 females and group II had 23 males and 23 females. The mean PCV (%) was 44.3 and 36.2, MCV (fl) was 87.4 and 70.2, MCH (g/dl) was 27.6 and 25.1, MCHC (g/dl) was 32.9 and 28.3, Hb (gm%) was 13.5 and 10.1, iron (mg/dl) was 120.4 and 46.8 and vitamin B12 (pg/Ml) was 426.2 and 226.8 in group II and group I respectively. The difference was significant (P&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: All haematological factors was greatly reduced in OSMF patients

Assessment of serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

Background: The present study was conducted to assess serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.&nbsp; Materials &amp; Methods: 62 patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients of both genders were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I had SCC patients and group II had normal subjects. In all, serum and unstimulated saliva samples obtained and subjected to assessment of lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid levels. Results: The mean serum LDH level (U/L) in group I was 342.8 and in group II was 246.0. The mean salivary LDH level (U/L) in group I was 652.8 and in group II was 248.4. The difference was significant (P&lt; 0.05). The mean serum uric acid (mg/dl) in group I was 6.98 and in group II was 5.12. The mean salivary uric acid in group I was 5.92 and in group II was 5.26. The difference was significant (P&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: OSCC patients had elevated level of serum and salivary LDH and uric acid

A study on the correlation of lip prints, fingerprints and mandibular intercanine distance for the gender determination

Background: Dental, fingerprints and DNA comparisons are most common techniques used in identification of an individual. Establishing the identity of an individual was one of the challenges faced by forensic in earlier days. The concept of "identity" is a set of physical characteristics, functional or psychic, normal or pathological- that define an individual. The present study was conducted to study the correlation of lip prints, fingerprints and mandibular intercanine distance for the gender determination. Material &amp; methods: The study was conducted among 400 participants (200 males and 200 females) aged between 18 and 25 years, in department of Oral Pathology of the Institute of dental sciences, Sehora, Jammu. Cheiloscopy, fingerprint analysis, and mandibular canine index (MCI) were performed in each participant to investigate the accuracy in gender determination. The results of all the three parameters were collected and a correlation between each pair of the parameters was statistically done using univariate ANOVA test. Results: With regard to lip print pattern, Type II lip print was found to be predominant in males (35.5) and in both(33) whereas Type I was predominant in females (32).

To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and their association with pattern of tobacco

Aim: To determine the Prevalence of Oral mucosal lesions and their association with Pattern of tobacco. Methods: Following ethical approval, a descriptive, cross sectional research with 200 participants was done at the department of oral pathology. Individuals aged 16 and up who visited the research location and were consulted for wilful involvement in the study were included. Personal interviews were used to collect demographic information as well as tobacco use status utilising a selfdesigned proforma. Tobacco consumption habits were broadly classified into four categories based on the following criteria: smokers were those who reported daily or less than daily use of smoked form of tobacco without use of smokeless tobacco, whereas smokeless tobacco users were those who reported daily or less than daily use of smokeless tobacco without use of smoked form of tobacco. Individuals who used both forms throughout the research were classified as dual users, whereas those who never used tobacco or had a history of quitting one or both kinds were classified as nontobacco users. Results: The study population consisted of 100 people, 70 percent of whom were men and 30 percent of whom were females, with a mean age of 47.41 10.52 years

To Determine the Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Their Association with Pattern of Tobacco

Aim: To determine the Prevalence of Oral mucosal lesions and their association with Pattern of tobacco. Methods: Following ethical approval, a descriptive, cross sectional research with 200 participants was done at the department of oral pathology. Individuals aged 16 and up who visited the research location and were consulted for wilful involvement in the study were included. Personal interviews were used to collect demographic information as well as tobacco use status utilising a selfdesigned proforma. Tobacco consumption habits were broadly classified into four categories based on the following criteria: smokers were those who reported daily or less than daily use of smoked form of tobacco without use of smokeless tobacco, whereas smokeless tobacco users were those who reported daily or less than daily use of smokeless tobacco without use of smoked form of tobacco. Individuals who used both forms throughout the research were classified as dual users, whereas those who never used tobacco or had a history of quitting one or both kinds were classified as nontobacco users. Results: The study population consisted of 100 people, 70 percent of whom were men and 30 percent of whom were females, with a mean age of 47.41 10.52 years