Performance of meat-strain chicks fed diets supplemented with various levels and sources of calcium and phosphorus

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1965 M958Master of Scienc

Extent of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Sewage Irrigated Soils and Their Impact on Distribution of Earthworm Communities: Linking Chromium and Zinc Toxicity on Growth and Reproduction in Selected Earthworm Species.

Soil ecosystem polluted by metals affect the structure of soil invertebrate population(s) and dynamics leading to altered distribution of species. This study focuses on earthworm distribution in sewage irrigated agricultural lands around Bangalore. The occurrence of reported species from the sampled areas is Eudrilus eugeniae, Lampito maurutii, Pontoscolex corethrurus, Polypheretima elongata, Perioynx excavates and Eisenia fetida. Laboratory studies conducted to evaluate feed ingestion rate and body mass changes in earthworms exposed to metal spiked soils revealed species specific pattern. Eudrilus eugeniae and Lampito maurutii showed a steep increase in body weight, while Pontoscolex corethrurus exhibited decreased trend upon Zn exposure. Contrarily a significant (p<0.05) decline in body weight was evident in all the three species upon exposure to Cr spiked soils. The observed alterations in feeding and body mass index concomitantly influenced the reproductive parameters. Rate of hatchability and reproductive function found to be decreased in Cr spiked soils in all the three species studied. Contrarily, increased hatchability was observed in E.eugeniea and L.maurutii followed by a decrease rate in P.corethrurus upon exposure of Zn spiked soils. However, reproductive rate found to be increased in E.eugeniea and P.corethrurus with decreased trend in L.maurutii. Thus, use of sewage polluted water for irrigation purpose has led to increased soil metal concentration impacting earthworm physiology and distribution

Effect of maternal exposure of fluoride on oxidative stress markers and amelioration by selected antioxidants in developing central nervous system of rats

Fluoride has been implicated as a pathol. mediator of fluorosis. Interestingly neuronal destruction, synaptic injury occurs by a mechanism involving oxidative stress, however, its effects in developmental stages of life, during maternal fluoride exposure and amelioration are not elucidated. In the present study, pregnant Wistar albino rats were exposed to 50 and 150 ppm fluoride in drinking water during gestation and post gestation. After parturition the pups born to the exptl. animals were administered daily with selected antioxidants for 21 consecutive days. Fluoride administration substantially enhanced fluoride accumulation, lipid peroxidn. and decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-​S-​transferase and glutathione levels in discrete regions of central nervous system. The results significantly (P < 0.05) demonstrated the effect of fluoride through exacerbated oxidative damage and disrupted antioxidant homeostasis, leading to altered neuronal integrity. The administration of antioxidants vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium and zinc produced a promising accost and timely intervention to the aggravated impairment during highly vulnerable early stage of life

Cooperative Self-Scheduling Secure Routing Protocol for Efficient Communication in MANET

In wireless transmission, a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) contains many mobile nodes that can communicate without needing base stations. Due to the highly dynamic nature of wireless, MANETs face several issues, like malicious nodes making packet loss, high energy consumption, and security. Key challenges include efficient clustering and routing with optimal energy efficiency for Quality of Service (QoS) performance. To combat these issues, this novel presents Cooperative Self-Scheduling Secure Routing Protocol (CoS3RP) for efficient scheduling for proficient packet transmission in MANET. Initially, we used Elite Sparrow Search Algorithm (ESSA) for identifies the Cluster Head (CH) and form clusters. The Multipath Optimal Distance Selection (MODS) technique is used to find the multiple routes for data transmission. Afterward, the proposed CoS3RP transmits the packets based on each node authentication. The proposed method for evaluating and selecting efficient routing and data transfer paths is implemented using the Network simulator (NS2) tool, and the results are compared with other methods. Furthermore, the proposed well performs in routing performance, security, latency and throughput

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging Rat Brain Regions upon Chlorpyrifos Toxicity and Cold Stress: An Interactive Study

Mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent energy depletion are the major causes of oxidative stress resulting to bring alterations in the ionic homeostasis causing loss of cellular integrity. Our previous studies have shown the age-associated interactive effects in rat central nervous system (CNS) upon co-exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cold stress leading to macromolecular oxidative damage. The present study elucidates a possible mechanism by which CPF and cold stress interaction cause(s) mitochondrial dysfunction in an age-related manner. In this study, the activity levels of Krebs cycle enzymes and electron transport chain (ETC) protein complexes were assessed in the isolated fraction of mitochondria. CPF and cold stress (15 and 20 °C) exposure either individually or in combination decreased the activity level of Krebs cycle enzymes and ETC protein complexes in discrete regions of rat CNS. The findings confirm that cold stress produces significant synergistic effect in CPF intoxicated aging rats. The synergism between CPF and cold stress at 15 °C caused a higher depletion of respiratory enzymes in comparison with CPF and cold stress alone and together at 20 °C indicating the extent of deleterious functional alterations in discrete regions of brain and spinal cord (SC) which may result in neurodegeneration and loss in neuronal metabolic control. Hence, co-exposure of CPF and cold stress is more dangerous than exposure of either alone. Among the discrete regions studied, the cerebellum and medulla oblongata appears to be the most susceptible regions when compared to cortex and SC. Furthermore, the study reveals a gradual decrease in sensitivity to CPF toxicity as the rat matures

Chlorpyrifos Induced Region Specific Vulnerability in Rat CNS and Modulation by Age and Cold Stress: An Interactive Study

Chlorpyrifos (CPF)​, an organophosphorus insecticide is known to cause ill health in non-​target animals by inducing oxidative stress. In this study influence of cold stress (15°C and 20°C) and age as modulating factors on CPF induced oxidative stress was addressed to assess age-​related differences and vulnerability in central nervous system of rats. The results indicated an interaction with age and cold exposure resulting in marked decreased activity levels of SOD (P < 0.05)​, CAT (P < 0.05)​, GPx (P < 0.05)​, GST (P < 0.05) followed by increased MDA (P < 0.05) and decreased GSH levels (P < 0.05)​. The ANOVA and Post-​hoc anal. showed that antioxidant enzymes decreased significantly (P < 0.05) on CPF exposure. Moreover synergistic action of CPF and cold stress at 15°C caused higher inhibition on comparison with CPF and cold stress alone and together at 20°C indicating the extent of peroxidative damage in discrete regions of CNS. Further this study showed young individuals to be more sensitive than adults

Proposed Potential Security Infrastructure in VANETS using Tamper Registered Hardware

All over the world many road accidents are occurred due to lack of knowledge of vehicle`s distance and speed. But this issue will be solved by using VANETS through which we can well know about the speed of the vehicle and how much distance it is from other vehicles in all sides. So the VANETS will play a very crucial role in the safety and mostly avoidance of accidents like reacting immediately in dangerous situations. In order to prevent the abuse of VANETS a potential security infrastructure is needed to maintain confidential requirements like message integrity &amp; availability. To achieve this we have proposed a concept called A seperate Potential security infrastructure facilitated with symmetric &amp; Asymmetric cryptography with TRH. Our proposed theory will give very high efficient in terms of Computational Needs for the VANETS users

Permethrin induced neuronal inefficiency in the supraoesophageal ganglion of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori. L

The primary target for pyrethroid insecticides is the nervous system. Available literature on the toxicity of pyrethroids to mulberry silkworm, are confined to specific tissues like haemolymph, fat body, eggs of silk moth and no study is indicated on supraoesophageal ganglion tissue, hence this study was conducted. In this study the changes occurring in the level of cholinergic and GABAergic transmitters (ACh and GABA)​; their connected enzymes viz., ChAT, AChE, GAD were studied in the supraoesophageal ganglionic tissue of silkworm Bombyx mori upon permithrin intoxication. Findings indicate that suppression of acetyl cholinesterase has led to the accumulation of ACh in greater quantities. Contrary to the cholinesterase suppression, a profound increase in GABAergic system was evident in the nervous tissue suggesting existence of an imbalance of excitatory-​inhibitory interplay in the supraoesophageal ganglia due to the toxic insult caused by permethrin; this substantially affects the growth, development, fecundity and silk prodn. In conclusion, the permethrin induced neurotoxicity resulted a series of perturbations in silkworm neurotransmitter metab