Diagnosis, Treatment Autism

The research explained autism disorder as a social problem as one of the most complex problems faced by societies in the world and the most important social, psychological and economic effects associated with the existence of a single child in the family And the readiness of families to accept this child, and to highlight the importance of educating the parents to the need for knowledge of all aspects of this disorder, and to guide them to the best ways and methods to deal with autistic children through special training and treatment programs to equip them to continue their life and integration with other children, And to increase the chances of success for them and to help them and their families to face the pressures imposed on them by society

Perineural invasion is a significant prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

(1) Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize current evidence regarding the prognostic role of perineural invasion (PNI) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (2) Methods: We searched Cochrane Central, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science, using relevant keywords to identify eligible articles. Two independent reviewers conducted two-stage screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria. All analyses were performed using comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA; version 3.3.070) software. (3) Results: The study included 101 published articles encompassing 26,062 patients. The pooled analyses showed that PNI was associated with significantly worse overall survival (OS; HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.32–1.58; p < 0.001), worse disease-specific survival (DSS; HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.65–2.12; p < 0.001), and worse disease-free survival (DFS; HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.65–2.12; p < 0.001). Similarly, both local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS) were worse in patients with PNI (HR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.72–3.10, p < 0.001; and HR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.51–2.74, p < 0.001), respectively. The random-effect estimate of three studies demonstrated that the presence of PNI was associated with worse failure-free survival (FFS; HR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.12–5.98, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The current evidence suggests that PNI can be used as an independent predictor of the prognosis for patients with OSCC. The presence of PNI was associated with worse OS, DFS, DSS, FFS, and with recurrence. Asian patients and patients with extra-tumoral or peripheral PNI invasion were associated with worse prognosis

An investigation of Saudi women's experiences in the media and their opinions about their status in it, the barriers they face and the issues they address

Bibliography: p. 109-114.'An investigation of Saudi women's experiences in the media and their opinions about their status in it, the barriers they face and the issues they address' is a research study of the cultural circumstances under which Saudi women work in the media including religion, traditions and social considerations. The research is based on the feminist theory and methodology, which aims at uncovering the various ways of oppressing women. In the research, six Saudi women with work experience ranging from 4 to 24 years in print, radio and television are interviewed. Also, a survey of the number of Saudi female employees in various media institutions was conduced to arrive at an approximate representation of women's presence in the Saudi media. Analysis of the interviews reveal a rejection by the Saudi women of some of Western feminists' objectives and methods although they do seek the same basic goals of feminism for equal opportunity and representation

التَّســــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــول أسبابــــه – أنواعـــــــه – وآثـــــــاره

تعد ظاهرة التسول من الظواهر الاجتماعية التي باتت واضحة في كل المجتمعات الإنسانية، فلا يكاد يخلو مجتمع من هذه الظاهرة الخطيرة، وخاصة في المجتمعات العربية ومنها سورية، حيث يتناول هذا البحث ظاهرة التسول بصورةٍ عامة من حيث مدى انتشارها وأهم أسبابها وأنواع وطرق التسول وعرَّج على ظروف المتسولين ووصف حالتهم وناقش تأثير عدة عوامل منها البيئة والوضع التعليمي والثقافي وتدني الأجور وغلاء المعيشة على ازدياد ظاهرة التسول كما بحث في انعكاسات المشكلة على الأفراد والمجتمع وخلصت الدراسة إلى نتائج تم الارتكاز عليها في طرح بعض المقترحات التي قد تساهم في خفض أعداد المتسولين ومعالجة هذه الظاهرة السلبية

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially