Life Cycle Assessment of ship recycling: metals recovery

In 2010 the International Maritime Organization (IMO) reported that more than 100.000 ships where operating world wide for people and goods transport. (Maritime Knowledge Centre, 2011). This huge number of ships need to be dismantled at the end of their life cycle. Thus, during the last decade, concerns about the environmental costs of ship breaking activity start to develop around science and policy makers, (Hiremath et al., 2015). Ship recycling help in recovering great numbers of materials and valuables, such as, machineries, household accessories, plastic, glass and most of all metals. Ship recycling industry can be considered Sustainable and participant to the circular economy principles, as almost the whole ship products can be reused, recycled and resold, (Sarraf et al., 2010). Although the great economic and environmental benefits originate by ship recycling; barriers still exist within the current system, (Choi et al., 2016). Policies have been promoted by many international authorities, such as the United Nations, to address the issue related to ship breaking, (Chang et al., 2010). In 2009, the Hong Kong Convention (HKC), (IMO, 2013) and in 2013 the European Union, with the “Ship Recycling Regulation” (EU, 2013), regulated the ship recycling, ensuring that ships, during their end of life phase, do not pose any risks to human, and developed authorization of ship recycling facilities and safe and environmentally sound recycling of ship, (Hiremath et al., 2016). The night of the 13 January 2012 the cruise ship Concordia shipwrecked near the Giglio Island in the Mediterranean sea. The Concordia wreck have been processed in accordance with the previously presented policies, and given the size and the uniqueness represents an important case study for many and multidisciplinary studies. Giving the fact that more than 95% of ship weight is represented by steel and metal scrap, (Deshpande et al., 2013), this study evaluates the environmental burdens of the operations for metals recycling with a Life cycle assessment methodology. The assessment is developed as a comparison between conventional metal production and metals recycled from the cruise ship. Five different metal waste flows, are investigated, taking into account all the operations for the dismantling of the materials, their transport to the different recycling facility and the transformation of the metal scraps in recycled metals. The same analysis was done for the traditional metals (Figure 1). Acidification, eutrophication, climate change and energy requirement are the impact categories evaluated. Moreover, an economic analysis of the traditional metals and the recycled metals is carried out. Results show that recycled metals from the wrecked cruise ship have an overall better environmental score than the conventional ones. However, in the light of the results of this study, metal scrap recycling induce significant environmental impacts, especially in the climate change category, where the separation from impurity process results as highly incisive in the generation of green house gasses Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Lezama, ciudad amigable de las personas mayores : Avances

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo acercar avances sobre un estudio en la ciudad de Lezama, sobre la amigabilidad que la ciudad tiene con las personas mayores. Detectada en la ciudad de Lezama una población envejecida, se propone investigar si las estructuras, servicios y el entorno en general se corresponden con el concepto de “Ciudad Amiga de los Mayores” Para ello se están realizando estudios que servirán de guía para el posterior desarrollo de un plan estratégico en la ciudad citada. La problemática de las personas mayores es un tema relevante y que esta generando un fuerte impacto en la sociedad local. Los programas que el gobierno nacional viene desarrollando en conjunto con gobiernos provinciales y municipales, ha producido además de un beneficio a la población de edad avanzada, una mayor visibilidad de este grupo, sus necesidades y expectativas y como contrapartida, mayor conciencia de la necesidad de dar respuestas. El estudio se realiza sobre la definición de la OMS “una ciudad amigable con los mayores alienta el envejecimiento activo mediante la optimización de las oportunidades de salud, participación y seguridad a fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas a medida que envejecen”. La unidad de análisis son grupos de adultos mayores, grupo de prestadores de servicios, grupos de cuidadores informales de adultos mayores de Lezama. Se lleva a cabo a través de seis grupos focales.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

Lezama, ciudad amigable de las personas mayores : Avances

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo acercar avances sobre un estudio en la ciudad de Lezama, sobre la amigabilidad que la ciudad tiene con las personas mayores. Detectada en la ciudad de Lezama una población envejecida, se propone investigar si las estructuras, servicios y el entorno en general se corresponden con el concepto de “Ciudad Amiga de los Mayores” Para ello se están realizando estudios que servirán de guía para el posterior desarrollo de un plan estratégico en la ciudad citada. La problemática de las personas mayores es un tema relevante y que esta generando un fuerte impacto en la sociedad local. Los programas que el gobierno nacional viene desarrollando en conjunto con gobiernos provinciales y municipales, ha producido además de un beneficio a la población de edad avanzada, una mayor visibilidad de este grupo, sus necesidades y expectativas y como contrapartida, mayor conciencia de la necesidad de dar respuestas. El estudio se realiza sobre la definición de la OMS “una ciudad amigable con los mayores alienta el envejecimiento activo mediante la optimización de las oportunidades de salud, participación y seguridad a fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas a medida que envejecen”. La unidad de análisis son grupos de adultos mayores, grupo de prestadores de servicios, grupos de cuidadores informales de adultos mayores de Lezama. Se lleva a cabo a través de seis grupos focales.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

Estudos: integração regional

Texto em português e resumo em inglêsStressing that economic integration on the international level, by its importance and frequent discussions which it has aroused, requires an ever increasing attention on the part of students, the author starts his work by making an analysis of the theoretical aspects of integration since studies about it are still scarce, and emphasizes the aspects regarding the validity of thesis concerning comparative costs and the group of factors as guiding elements for an economic integration. Other points are examined with the same purpose in mind, such as: the question concerning fixed installed capital (and its maintenance) and its participation in the formation of the Internal Product; problems arising from the structure of economies which are integrated; the imbalances of per capita income within the area which is being integrated and, finally, the problems of free trade. Then the study is focussed on the realities of an integration movement. By analysing the various movements which are now taking place — EFTA, Common Market, LAFTA, Central America — the author shows that they differ in characteristics and cannot serve — not one of them — as examples or experiences — from which sound teachings can be drawn for application to others. Finally the author examines the Montevideo Treaty and the LAFTA integration movement and gives some suggestions concerning instruments and processes for guidance and execution which could be taken to promote the improvement and a better operation of Latin American integration

Micro-Scale Analysis and Simulation on the behavior of a component in Al-6061during ballistic impact: 3D acquisition and FE model

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Registro bibliográfico: a estrutura do desenvolvimento

Resenha do artigo de Wassily Leontief, publicado na revista Scientific American, de setembro de 1963

Quantifying Protein Copy Number in Super-Resolution Using an Imaging Invariant Calibration

The use of super-resolution microscopy in recent years has revealed that proteins often form small assemblies inside cells and are organized in nanoclusters. However, determining the copy number of proteins within these nanoclusters constitutes a major challenge because of unknown labeling stoichiometries and complex fluorophore photophysics. We previously developed a DNA-origami-based calibration approach to extract protein copy number from super-resolution images. However, the applicability of this approach is limited by the fact that the calibration is dependent on the specific labeling and imaging conditions used in each experiment. Hence, the calibration must be repeated for each experimental condition, which is a formidable task. Here, using cells stably expressing dynein intermediate chain fused to green fluorescent protein (HeLa IC74 cells) as a reference sample, we demonstrate that the DNA-origami-based calibration data we previously generated can be extended to super-resolution images taken under different experimental conditions, enabling the quantification of any green-fluorescent-protein-fused protein of interest. To do so, we first quantified the copy number of dynein motors within nanoclusters in the cytosol and along the microtubules. Interestingly, this quantification showed that dynein motors form assemblies consisting of more than one motor, especially along microtubules. This quantification enabled us to use the HeLa IC74 cells as a reference sample to calibrate and quantify protein copy number independently of labeling and imaging conditions, dramatically improving the versatility and applicability of our approach