Les effets de la canicule et de la sécheresse sur la forêt de la Massane (Pyrénées-Orientales)

Depuis 2003, la réserve naturelle de la Massane subit les effets des canicules et des sécheresses répétées. De nombreux travaux ont été menés sur le site, qui ont permis de suivre l'impact de ces phénomènes sur les écosytèmes

Characterization of a membrane-bound C-glucosyltransferase responsible for carminic acid biosynthesis in Dactylopius coccus Costa

Carminic acid is a widely applied red colorant that is still harvested from insects because its biosynthesis is not fully understood. Here, the authors identify and characterize a membrane-bound C-glucosyltransferase catalyzing the final step during carminic acid biosynthesis

XRN2 Links Transcription Termination to DNA Damage and Replication Stress

We thank the Proteomics Core Facility. We thank Dr. Robert J. Crouch for providing us with GFP- and GFP-RNase H expression plasmids. We also thank Dr. Stephen H. Leppla for providing us with antibodies directed against RNA:DNA hybrids (R loops) (S9.6). We thank Novus Biologicals for generously providing XRN2 and Rrp45 antibodies. We also thank the members of the Boothman lab for critical reading of this manuscript.Author Summary Genomic instability is one of the primary causes of disease states, in particular cancer. One major cause of genomic instability is the formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which are one of the most dangerous types of DNA lesions the cell can encounter. If not repaired in a timely manner, one DSB can lead not only to cell death. If misrepaired, one DSB can lead to a hazardous chromosomal aberration, such as a translocation, that can eventually lead to cancer. The cell encounters and repairs DSBs that arise from naturally occurring cellular processes on a daily basis. A number of studies have demonstrated that aberrant structures that form during transcription under certain circumstances, in particular RNA:DNA hybrids (R loops), can lead to DSB formation and genomic instability, especially during DNA synthesis. Thus, it is important to understand how the cell responds and repairs transcription-mediated DNA damage in general and R loop-related DNA damage in particular. This paper both demonstrates that the XRN transcription termination factor links transcription and DNA damage, but also provides a better understanding of how the cell prevents transcription-related DNA damage.Yeshttp://www.plosgenetics.org/static/editorial#pee

The 6th China–France International Symposium “Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine” and first meeting of the France–China International CNRS Network (GDRI) CeSMeR (Nancy, 10–13 July 2016)

International audienc

Les effets de la canicule et de la sécheresse sur la forêt de la Massane (Pyrénées-Orientales)

International audienceDepuis 2003, la réserve naturelle de la Massane subit les effets des canicules et des sécheresses répétées. De nombreux travaux ont été menés sur le site, qui ont permis de suivre l'impact de ces phénomènes sur les écosytèmes

Expression of a functionally active human hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A6) lacking the N-terminal signal sequence in the endoplasmic reticulum

AbstractUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 (UGT1A6) is a membrane glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum playing a key role in drug metabolism. It is synthesized as a precursor with an N-terminal cleavable signal peptide. We demonstrate that deletion of the signal peptide sequence does not prevent membrane targeting and integration of this human isoform when expressed in an in vitro transcription-translation system, as shown by N-glycosylation, resistance to alkaline treatment and protease protection. Furthermore, UGT1A6 lacking the signal peptide (UGT1A6Δsp) was targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum in mammalian cells as shown by immunofluorescence microscopy and was catalytically active with kinetic constants for 4-methylumbelliferone glucuronidation similar to that of the wild-type. These results provide evidence that the signal peptide is not essential for the membrane assembly and activity of UGT1A6 suggesting that additional topogenic element(s) mediate(s) this process