Effect of ondansetron and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol on the establishment of lithium-induced conditioned taste avoidance in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus)

Recent evidence suggests that toxin-induced taste avoidance in the non-emetic rat is not mediated by conditioned sickness. In contrast, it appears that toxin-induced taste avoidance in an emetic species is mediated by conditioned sickness. The present experiments evaluated the potential of the anti-emetic agents, ondansetron [OND; a serotonin receptor (5-HT3) antagonist] and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC; a cannabinoid (CB 1) agonist] to interfere with lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced taste avoidance in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus). In Experiment 1, shrews were pretreated with OND (1.5 mg/kg) or saline 30 min prior to drinking 0.1% saccharin solution then they were injected with LiCl (390 mg/kg) or saline. When assessed by a two-bottle test over a 12 hr period, but not a one-bottle test, the shrews displayed a LiCl-induced saccharin avoidance that was prevented by pretreatment with OND. The relatively weak effects may have been due to floor effects in consumption of saccharin solution; therefore a highly preferred 0.3 M sucrose solution was used in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, shrews were pretreated with OND, THC (5 and 10 mg/kg) or Vehicle 30 min prior to sucrose solution exposure. With a more highly preferred sucrose solution, OND and THC interfered with the establishment of LiCl-induced taste avoidance detected with one-bottle test. These results suggest that taste avoidance in the shrew, unlike the rat, is motivated by conditioned sickness

The United Nations system from the Polish perspective. Conference report Warsaw, 13–14.10. 2016

The conference “The United Nations system from the Polish perspective” took place in Warsaw on 13 and 14 October 2016. It was organised by the International Law Association – Polish Group. The aim of the conference was to analyse the universal international order, its central role in the United Nations, and the institutions of the UN system from the Polish perspective (this perspective means both the place of Poland in the institutionalised order, and the perception of the phenomenon by Polish lawyers)..

The anatomy of the median branches of the basilar artery

The aim of study was the examination of the median branches (MB) of the basilar artery (BA). 783 MB were found in 100 human brainstems injected with coloured latex. The attachment of the MB to the quadrants of the BA's trunk, their structural shape, length of trunks, topographical arrangement (on three vascular levels) and the clinical importance of this vascular pattern was evaluated. The MB arise from Pr and Pl quadrants of the BA's trunk in 100% cases, represent 37.7% of BA's branches and are mostly located in the foramen caecum area (56%). The MB confine the BA's stem mobility on the V CN area and above, because of their shortest trunks especially on these vascular levels. In the examined specimens the MB varied in number from 0 to 22 (mean, 8)

Publikacje naukowe o charakterze edukacyjnym w repertuarze firmy Gebethner i Wolff do I wojny światowej

Celem pracy jest próba opisu sposobu kształtowania repertuaru wydawniczego wspomagającego procesy edukacyjne młodzieży uczącej się i studiującej, a także oferty adresowanej do wykształconej części społeczeństwa śledzącej postępy nauki i piśmiennictwo uprawianych zawodów – w warunkach istniejących do rozpoczęcia I wojny światowej.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Rynek – polityka – edukacja. Wydawcy profesjonalni w Królestwie Polskim wobec programów upowszechniania i popularyzacji wiedzy na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Rynek książki niebeletrystycznej w Królestwie Polskim na początku XX wieku. Kontynuacje i zmiany

Ludzie i książki: studia i szkice bibliologiczno-bibliograficzne: księga pamiątkowa dedykowana Profesor Hannie Tadeusiewicz; rozdzia

Rola komisji śledczych Rady Praw Człowieka w poszukiwaniu odpowiedzialności na przykładzie Burgundi

This article analyses the work of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in Bu-rundi, which has been mandated for a period of one year to conduct a thorough investiga-tion into human rights violations and abuses in that country since April 2015. Commission is mandated to identify alleged perpetrators of human rights violations and abuses in Burun-di with a view to ensuring full accountability. Final report will be presented to the General Assembly and other relevant international bodies and will determine the scale of violations and help to make the legal classification of the alleged crime. Moreover, report can be used in the future investigations by specialized body such as the International Criminal Court