The influence of the angle of the trunk flexion and extension in the sagittal plane and flexion in the frontal plane on the value of features describing the spine and pelvis among 7 to 15-year-old youth of both sexes

The aim of the study was to demonstrate the significant effect of the value of the angle of trunk flexion and extension in the sagittal plane and the flexion to the left and right in the frontal plane on the value of selected features describing the spine. Material and methodology. The research was conducted in a group of 2,361 people aged 7 to 15, in 6 semi-annual successive editions. This made it possible to record 16,608 observations using the photogrammetric method: 29 features describing spatially body posture. Results. Four features influencing the value of features describing the posture were selected for the analysis like an angle of trunk flexion and extension in the sagittal plane, an angle of flexion to the left and right in the frontal plane on selected sagittal and frontal features. Conclusions. (1) The influence of trunk flexion and extension angles in the sagittal plane and left and right flexion in the frontal oplane on the spine features is multidirectional and differential. (2) Spine characteristics are significantly and positively affected in particular by the value of the trunk extension angle in the sagittal plane and the value of the left flexion angle in the frontal plane, and negatively the value of the flexion angle in the sagittal plane. (3) None of the examined angles affect the characteristics of the pelvis

The molecular diagnosis of house dust mite allergy: a short review

Introduction: House dust mite (HDM) allergens are considered among the most essential elicitors of allergic rhinitis and asthma worldwide [1]. How can we determine the individual sensitization profile of a patient? Is there a way to monitor the development of allergic symptoms? Is it possible to tailor different forms of therapy based on the individual sensitization profile of a patient? Purpose: The study aims to show the benefits of molecular diagnostics of allergies based on the example of HDM allergy. Description of the state of knowledge: Clinical manifestation is the most important aspect of diagnosing HDM allergy. The determination of allergen specific immunoglobulins E (asIgE) against HDM extracts may be helpful in the identification of the cause of allergy symptoms. However, the diagnosis using allergen extracts cannot be established in all cases. What revolutionised the diagnosing process of HDM allergy is the molecular diagnostics of allergy. Based on the presence of asIgE against allergen molecules it is possible to identify the allergen responsible for the sensitisation as well as personalise the therapeutic recommendations.  Summary: The molecular diagnostics of allergy significantly improved the specificity and sensitivity of HDM allergy diagnostics. Molecular diagnostics in individuals with HDM allergy make it possible to establish the individual patient’s allergy profile, and consequently personalise therapeutic recommendations. It is especially important regarding the selection of patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. The component-resolved diagnostics in allergology is a step toward personalised medicine

The benefits of component-resolved diagnosis in diagnostics of peanut allergy

Introduction: Why can a peanut allergy cause exceptionally severe reactions, but not to everyone? Is there a way to identify patients who might experience these reactions? What is molecular diagnostics of allergy and what are the benefits of diagnosing patients at risk of anaphylaxis after consuming peanuts?  Purpose: The aim of the study is to show the benefits of molecular diagnostics of allergies based on the example of peanut allergy.Description of the state of knowledge: The diagnosis of peanut allergy is based on the assessment of the clinical presentation. The gold diagnostic standard is to perform a food challenge for suspected allergen. The following tests are helpful in diagnosis: skin tests or determination of allergen-specific E antibodies (asIgE) in blood serum. Until recently, the determination of asIgE concentration was possible only for allergen extracts. A milestone in diagnosing allergies is a serological diagnosis based on allergen molecules. The possibility of testing individual molecules increases the sensitivity and specificity of peanut allergy diagnostics and allows to indicate the risk of anaphylaxis in individual patients.Summary: Molecular diagnostics in individuals with peanut allergy make it possible to determine the individual patient’s allergy profile and indicate the risk of anaphylaxis. The information obtained with the help of this tool allows for precise therapeutic recommendations for people allergic to peanuts. Such diagnostics is a step towards personalized medicine in allergology. Keywords: allergy; molecular diagnostics of allergy; allergen-specific E antibodies; asIg

Gluten - a nutritional enemy or indispensable diet ingredient?

Introduction: Gluten is a mixture of wheat, rye and barley storage proteins. These corps have provided human beings worldwide with energy and nutrients for centuries. However, an increase in the occurrence of symptoms after the consumption of gluten has been observed recently. Although celiac disease is an indication of strict adherence to the gluten-free diet (GFD), the popularity of GFD is growing among healthy people. The risks of unsupported gluten elimination should be assessed before the introduction of GFD.    Purpose: The study aims to define GFD and indicate who should follow the diet, as well as present difficulties concerning strict adherence to GFD and possible consequences of eliminating gluten on one’s own.  Description of the state of knowledge: Regarding the mechanism, in which the symptoms after gluten consumption develop, the following diseases have been distinguished: celiac disease (CD), wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Currently, the only indication of strict long-life adherence to GFD is CD. Such a restrictive approach may cause financial and social problems. Although the introduction of GFD improves the quality of life in CD patients, it does not lead to the immediate disappearance of the symptoms. Healthy people, who decide to eliminate gluten, should balance their diet carefully, as GFD might cause nutritional deficiencies and metabolic diseases.  Summary: Strict long-life adherence to GFD is indicated in CD. This treatment may be problematic, which often is not evident to people who eliminate gluten on their own. Unbalanced GFD can lead to nutritional deficiencies as well as metabolic diseases.&nbsp

ETHER - a partially forgotten anesthetic

INTRODUCTION: Ether is the common name for diethylether (CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3). It is a colorless, volatile and highly flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odor. It was widely used as an anesthetic in the past and is now a component of solvents.  PURPOSE OF THE WORK: The purpose of this paper is to introduce ether as a potentially forgotten substance in the world of Western medicine. Its history, current use, potential for abuse for narcotic purposes, addiction, and the benefits of anesthesia with this agent in impoverished countries. DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: Ether was first synthesized in 1540 by Valerius Cordus. Ether is characterized by rapid absorption, rapid distribution in the central nervous system and rapid, short-lasting effects. Ether has high solubility in blood/gas, which slows both induction and recovery of anesthesia. In developing countries, it is suggested that ether be used as an intraoperative analgesia. But it should be remembered, despite the new psychoactive substances, other inexpensive and readily available intoxicants can be found, among them ether. It has been noted in numerous publications that abuse of ether is associated with abuse of other drugs and/or alcohol dependence. SUMMARY: It is important to remember that ether compounds are widespread. People struggling with the urge to abuse substances can get these substances easily and cheaply. On the other hand, ether anesthesia is a great solution for developing countries. There are situations there that due to lack of funds, some operations are carried out without anesthesia. Ether is cheap, and administering anesthesia with it is quite simple, and could give wonderful relief to these patients

A new insight into diagnosis and management of hen egg allergy

Introduction: A chicken egg is a popular dietary component all over the world. An allergy to this nourishment is more often related to egg white than to yolk, and its first symptoms often appear even before the first year of life. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to present the benefits of molecular diagnostics of allergy in chicken egg allergy.Description of the state of knowledge: To diagnose an allergy to egg proteins, skin prick tests or the determination of antigen-specific immunoglobulins E are used. However, the most verifying test of a reaction to food is a double-blind challenge.The most allergenic proteins in a chicken egg are ovomucoid (Gal d 1), ovalbumin (Gal d 2), ovotransferrin (Gal d 3), A-livetin (Gal d 5) and lysozyme (Gal d 4). Among the aforementioned proteins, ovomucoid and ovalbumin are the main allergens and the most common causes of egg allergy. It is worth noting that thermal treatment reduces the allergenic potential of ovalbumin, as opposed to ovomucoid. This means that in patients allergic to ovalbumin, a raw egg may cause an allergic reaction, while an egg, e.g. baked egg, should not cause symptoms of hypersensitivity.Summary:​​ Based on molecular diagnostics, it is possible to identify allergenic molecules of a chicken egg, such as ovomucoid, ovalbumin or ovotransferrin. This allows for better control of symptoms of hypersensitivity in patients with egg allergy. Egg yolk is a good source of amino acids and fats. Therefore, thanks to molecular diagnostics of allergy, it is possible to verify the validity of an elimination diet or to create a diet based on heat-treated eggs

An innovative approach for better understanding of milk allergy

Introduction: Cow’s milk and its products are popular components of the diet all over the world. Proteins contained in it, such as casein (Bos d 8), α-lactalbumin (Bos d 4), β-lactoglobulin (Bos d 5) and bovine serum albumin (Bos d 6, BSA), can cause troublesome symptoms. Among the proteins mentioned, casein is the most frequent cause of all milk allergies. It is worth mentioning that it is a protein that does not change its properties after thermal and enzymatic treatment. Therefore, casein allergic patients must avoid dairy products in even trace amounts. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to present the benefits of molecular diagnostics of allergy in cow’s milk allergy. Description of the state of knowledge: In order to diagnose milk allergy, a medical examination should take place with a clinician who will determine the further steps of diagnosis based on the medical interview. For a complete allergy analysis, molecular diagnostics tests can be used to determine which protein the patient is sensitised to. Such an individual patient’s allergy profile is helpful in developing an appropriate diet. Summary: Molecular diagnosis in cow's milk allergy allows to estimate the risk of severe reactions after contact with a specific allergen. On its basis, it is also possible to predict the result of a cow's milk allergen provocation test. By using molecular diagnosis of allergy, it is possible to manage better and control cow's milk allergy in patients. &nbsp

Celiac disease - a common autoimmune disease with significantly delayed diagnosis

Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that affects genetically predisposed individuals. In course of the disease, consumption of gluten causes damage to the small intestine. Due to various clinical manifestations, diagnosing CD poses a challenge to clinicians. It has been proven by several study groups that the diagnostic delay in CD is still too long and provokes severe health complications.  Purpose: The aim of the study is to highlight the importance of diagnostic delay in CD, its consequences and possible solutions.  Description of the state of knowledge: The diagnosis of CD is based on the clinical picture, serological test, duodenal mucosal biopsies and genetic tests. Many cases of CD remain undiagnosed in spite of published guidelines for CD diagnosis. Consequently, the diagnosis is significantly delayed: the mean duration of the diagnostic process in Poland was 7.3 years. In other countries, patients the time from the onset of the symptoms to establishing CD diagnosis was up to 10 years. The diagnostic delay leads to reduced quality of life and the development of severe complications, such as neoplastic disease.  Summary: Diagnostic delay in CD is an issue of great importance. Because of the reduced quality of life and the possibility of neoplasm, it is crucial to take action in order to shorten the diagnostic process of CD

Study of Nitrogen-Modified Titanium Dioxide as an Adsorbent for Azo Dyes

The removal of two azo dyes from aqueous solution was investigated using a highly active nitrogen-modified titanium dioxide (TiO 2 /N). This photocatalyst was prepared by pressure modification of a commercial sample of anatase, TiO 2 (supplied by Zaklady Chemiczne Police SA, Poland). The adsorption of two azo dyes (Reactive Red 198 — a monoazo dye and Direct Green 99 — a polyazo dye) onto the unmodified and nitrogen-modified TiO 2 surface was determined. Adsorption onto unmodified TiO 2 led to an isotherm which could be described by the Freundlich model, whereas that onto the nitrogen-modified TiO 2 surface was best described by the Langmuir model. The adsorption isotherms of Direct Green 99 onto TiO 2 /N from aqueous solutions at various pH values were compared with those onto unmodified TiO 2 during dye removal under UV irradiation. Such a comparison is important since it provides information as to how solutes interact with adsorbents. Zeta potential measurements of TiO 2 provided an explanation for the observed behaviour in terms of the surface charge. The IR spectrum of the photocatalyst obtained exhibited new absorption bands at 1430–1440 cm −1 which were attributed to the bending vibrations of NH + 4 and at 1535 cm −1 associated with NH 2 groups or NO 2 and NO groups

Economic migration plans in the secondary school students from Lublin Province

Wstęp. Przedmiotem artykułu jest prezentacja planów migracyjnych uczniów szkół średnich województwa lubelskiego. Celem prowadzonych badań było poznanie planów zawodowych i aspiracji życiowych młodzieży uczęszczających do szkół średnich w woj. lubelskim. Materiał i metody. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w 2012 r. metodą sondażu diagnostycznego, przy użyciu kwestionariusza ankiety. Audytoryjne badania ankietowe zrealizowano na terenie szkoły w trakcie zajęć. Wyniki. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że 4/5 badanych uczniów (83,2%) rozważa możliwość wyjazdu za granicę. Sprecyzowane plany wyjazdu bezpośrednio po zdanej maturze ma 9,6% respondentów, a w perspektywie pięciu lat od ukończenia szkoły gotowość taką wyraża 2/5 spośród nich. Wnioski. Badane osoby deklarujące chęć wyjazdu najczęściej wskazują na Wielką Brytanię, Niemcy i Holandię jako kraje docelowe emigracji. Głównym czynnikiem motywującym respondentów do opuszczenia Polski jest trudna sytuacja na rynku pracy i niskie zarobki oraz przekonanie, że w potencjalnych krajach wyjazdu warunki zatrudnienia, pracy i zabezpieczenia społecznego są zdecydowanie lepsze.Introduction. The subject of this article is the presentation of migration plans in secondary school students in Lublin Province. The purpose of the research was to gain an insight into career plans and aspirations of young people attending secondary schools in Lublin Province. Material and methods. The research was conducted in 2012 with the diagnostic poll method, using a questionnaire survey. Face-to-face questionnaire surveys were conducted on the school premises during classes. Results. The research showed that 4 in 5 of the surveyed students (83.2%) are considering going abroad. 9.6% of the respondents have a specific plan to leave immediately after passing the Matura (secondary school final exam), and two in five students are considering going abroad within five years after graduating. Conclusions. The respondents declaring their willingness to leave the country, most often chose the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands as the destinations for their emigration. The main factor motivating the respondents to leave Poland is the difficult situation on the labour market and low wages, along with the belief that the conditions of employment, work and social security in the potential destination countries are definitely better