THE RANGE EXPANSION OF Parachromis managuensis (GÜNTHER, 1867) (PERCIFORMES, 4 CICHLIDAE) IN JAVA, INDONESIA

The Jaguar cichlid, Parachromis managuensis (Günther, 1867), is native to Central America, with introduc­tions reported from West Java and Central Java Provinces of Indonesia. On 7-8 January 2019, sixteen specimens of P. managuensis were collected from Karangkates, the largest hydropower reservoir in East Java Province of Indonesia. A description of the morphological characters of specimens is provided

In Silico Study of Haematococcus pluvialis Biomarker Compound as Supplement to Fish Bone Remodelling

This study aims to determine the docking predictions for RAR, RXR, and ROR in the bone remodeling pathway using Haematococcus, which is the highest carotenoid-producing microalgae. Furthermore, it determines the projection of using this carotenoid-producing alga in bone development. Carotenoids include provitamin A and non-provitamin A, which are predicted to replace vitamin A in bone control. It is also required in silico proof of carotenoids' function of bone remodeling control. Furthermore, molecular and visualization docking validation was conducted using PyRx and Discovery Studio Visualizer software respectively. According to binding affinity and RMSD value, each biomarker compound had particular binding sites on RARα, RARβ, RORβ, and RORγ. Astaxanthin was the only compound with binding sites on all four receptors. Through enzymatic action, provitamin A carotenoids can serve as a precursor to retinol, allowing them to act as a native RXR ligand. Therefore, the biomarker compound used in Haematococcus pluvialis can replace the role of vitamin A in the regulation of fish bones. The prediction of bone regulation in biomarker compounds through the RAR-RXR pathways inhibited osteoblast and osteclast. Otherwise, VDR-RXR pathways regulated osteoclast maturation and osteoblast mineralization

Kajian Penggunaan Ciprofloxacin Terhadap Histologi Insang Dan Hati Ikan Botia (Botia Macracanthus, Bleeker) Yang Diinfeksi Bakteri Aeromonas Hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila mampu menyebabkan terjadinya infeksi dan kematian ikan botia dalam waktu yang relatif singkat pada konsentrasi yang tinggi, terbukti dengan konsentrasi 108 selml-1 menyebabkan 50% ikan uji mati. Hasil pengamatan histopatologi pada ikan terinfeksi menunjukkan ginjal yang mengalami degenerasi hyaline, munculnyavakuola yang disebabkan lisis pada glomerulus dan kemudian hancur, nekrosis pada glomerulus, terdapat banyak koloni bakteri A.hydrophila didalam ginjal, serta terjadi infiltrasi limfosit. Sel hati tidak terlihat jelas karena tertutup infiltrasi limfosit dan koloni bakteri A.hydrophila yang sangat banyak, nekrosis yang menyebabkan vakuola, terdapat infeksi sekunder bakteri yang belum teridentifikasi, serta terjadi cloudy swelling. Pada bagian insang, nekrosis lamela primer menyebabkan munculnya vakuola, kongesti pada lamela primer dan edema pada lamela sekunder, infiltrasi limfosit, poliferasi sel/fusi lamela serta hyperplasia pada lamela primer. Sementara itu pada ikan botia yang terinfeksi A.hydrophilatetapi kemudian diobati, ginjal mengalami perbaikan glomerulus dan kapsula bowman sehingga terlihat jelas, tubuli berbentuk seperti donat dengan corak titik dan garis, tidak ada lagi nekrosis dan vakuola, tidak ditemukan lagi koloni bakteri, terjadi perbaikan hyaline yang mengalami degenerasi, jaringan hematopoietic (pembentuk sel-seldarah merah) terlihat jelas dengan inti yang bulat. Pada bagian hati, tidak ditemukan lagi koloni bakteri A.hidrophila dan bakteri sekunder lainnya sehingga hepatosit terlihat jelas dengan bentuk polyhedral dengan inti 1-2, jumlah eritrosit terlihat normal, karena tidak ada lagi infiltrasi limfosit. Akan tetapi masih terdapat penyumbatan pada vena centralis yang dipenuhi oleh eritrosit. Pada insang tidak ada lagi nekrosis dan vakuola pada lamela primer sehingga jaringan terlihat solid, namun ditemukan infeksi sekunder parasit Monogenea sp. Tidak ada lagi infiltrasi limfosit, lapisan epithelium terlihat 1-2 lapis, tidak ada lagi edema dan fusi lamela sehingga lamela tampak jelas dengan ukuran panjang yang bervariasi

Penguatan Fungsi Legislatif dan Evaluasi Kinerja Bidang Penganggaran (Studi di Dprd Kota Batu)

Changes in performance-based budgeting system (performance budgeting) that pro-motes community participation, provide an important role in Parliament as represen-tatives of the people drafting process, in accordance with Law no. 17 of 2003 on StateFinance. Implementation of the people's rights in the budget can be realized in com-munity involvement in participatory planningand budgeting process. This study aimsto (1) to know legislators understanding in Batu City and its implementation to thefunction of budgeting, (2) to evaluate the performance of budgeting in Batu City.Using a qualitative approach, results of this study are: (1) Legislators' understandingin Batu City tend to function as a means of budgeting “bargain” with local govern-ment, and lack of touch on the substance to the public welfare, (2)Parliament hasused “Alat Kelengkapan Dewan” associated with the budgeting of the “BadanAnggaran”, frequently board members's budget is more than the amount of budgetapproved by the municipal government of Batu City. But this condition still happenedbecause the government afraid of the revenue and expenditure budget (APBD) notapproved by parliament

Dried Skeletonema Costatum in Feed Formulation for the Growth of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect and the best dosage used by the Skeletonema costatum in feed formulation on the growth of Vaname shrimp. This experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. Treatment was given by using dried S. costatum in feed formula (iso protein 37% and iso energy 3.6 kkal/g feed). Feed treatment was the substitution of fish meal protein A = 0%, B = 2.5%, C = 5% and D = 7.5% with dried S. costatum protein. The observed parameters include Survival Rate (SR), Survival Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER), and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER). The results showed that the use of dried S. costatum in feeding are effective in increasing the specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and the ratio of protein efficiency than controls. The best dosage in feeding formula is ranged from 4.39% to 4.75%

KONDISI TOTAL LEUKOSIT DAN PROTEIN PLASMA IKAN KOI (Cyprinus carpio Koi) PASCA PERENDAMAN EKSTRAK GRACILARIA VERRUCOSA YANG TERINFEKSI BAKTERI Aeromonas salmonicida

The study was conducted to determine  total leucocyte and plasma protein of infected koi (Cyprinus carpio) after immersion in the extract of Gracillaria verrucosa. The experimental design of this research was Completely Randomized Design. Different doses of extract were used five treatments and three replicates. Data was analyzed by using ANOVA (one-way) there were significant different of total leucocyte. Total protein plasma at treatments of fish infected, showed protein of ben thinner. Doses immersion treatments at 19 ppm get significant effects of humoral and celluler system the infected of koi fish.Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi total leukosit dan protein plasma ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) setelah perendaman ekstrak Gracilaria verrucosa. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, 5 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan.Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada total leukosit. Total protein plasma pada ikan perlakuan yang terinfeksi terlihat pita-pita protein yang semakin tipis. Perlakuan dosis perendaman 19 ppm memberikan pengaruh nyata pada sistem humoral dan seluler ikan koi pasca infeksi

DETERMINATION OF THE BEST SOLVENT AND EXTRACT DURATION ON THE TECHNIQUE OF Gracilaria sp. MACERATION AS WELL AS ITS INFLUENCE ON MOISTURE CONTENT AND YIELD

Gracilaria sp. is one type of red algae that has many benefits. It is widely used as a cosmetic, gelatin and medicinal materials. . In the fisheries, especially in the field of aquaculture, utilization of algae has been quite widely used. One of them is the use of red algae as a madicine ingredient and immunostimulant material to minimze the use of antibiotics in fish. Research on determination of solvent extraction and extract duration done to know the best of solvent extraction and extract duration used as a reference to determine the time of the maceration when the Gracilaria sp. extraction process. The appropriate solvent expected to produce high yield (results of extraction). The type of solvent used is ethanol 80%, ethanol 96%, acetone and aquades. The range of time that is used for the maceration is 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results showed that the best type of solvent is ethanol 96% with long soaking for maceration during 48 hours. The resulting yield is 0.9 with a moisture content of 10%

PENENTUAN RANGE DOSIS IMUNOSTIMULAN DAN LAMA WAKTUPERENDAMAN TERBAIK PADA EKSTRAK KASAR FENOLGracilaria sp. SEBELUM UJI TANTANG BAKTERI Aeromonas sp. DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN LC50

Immunostimulatory dose given to the fish to be precise, should not be less and should not be excessive. This is because the immunostimulatory properties which can only work at the optimal dose.Therefore,themethod fordetermining the dosage and administration techniques immunostimulatory should be studied in depth.Research on the determination of the dose and the best maceration time on the crude extract phenol Gracilaria sp. using LC50 is intended to determine how best dose and how long it's best used in the immersion process to extract.rangedose used is 1 g/l; 1,5 g/l; 2 g/l; 3 g/l; 4 g/l and 5 g/l.The results of these observations indicate that doses ≥ 3 g/l has a 10-hour LC50.While the dose ≤ 3 g/l has a 14-hour LC50.However, further research is continued in the time range for prolonged submersion namely 10, 12 and 14 hours.The results showed the soaking time 12 hours showed LC50 15 hours.It concluded that the dose that can be used to test immunostimulant is 1, 1.5 and 3 g/l with a soaking time of less than 12 hours.Dosisimunostimulan yang diberikan kepada ikan harus tepat, tidak boleh kurang dan tidak boleh berlebihan. Hal ini karena sifat imunostimulan yang hanya dapat bekerja pada dosis yang optimal. Oleh karena itu, metode untuk menentukan dosis dan teknik pemberian imunostimulan harus dikaji secara mendalam. Penelitian tentang penentuandosisdanwaktumaserasiterbaikpadaekstrakkasarfenolGracilaria sp. menggunakan LC50inibertujuanuntukmengetahuiberapadosisterbaikdanberapa lama waktuterbaik yang digunakanpada proses perendamandenganekstrak. Range dosis yang digunakanyaitu 1 g/l; 1,5g/l; 2 gr/l; 3 g/l; 4 g/l dan 5 g/l. Hasilpengamataninimenunjukkanbahwadosis ≥ 3 gr/l memiliki LC50 10 jam. Sedangkandosis ≤ 3 gr/l memiliki LC5014 jam.Penelitianlanjutandilanjutkanpada range waktuuntuk lama perendamanyaitu 10, 12 dan 14 jam. Hasilpenelitianmenunjukkanpada lama perendaman 12 jam menunjukkan LC50 15 jam. Sehinggadapatdisimpulkanbahwadosis yang dapatdigunakanuntukujiimunostimulanadalah 1, 1,5dan 3 g/l dengan lama perendamankurangdar