5 research outputs found
The asymmetric unemployment response of natives and foreigners to migration shocks
This paper provides new evidence on the macroeconomic effects of net migration shocks in Germany. Using monthly data from 2006 to 2019 and a variety of identification strategies in a structural vector autoregressive model, we show that migration shocks are expansionary. Net migration increases persistently industrial
production, per capita net exports and tax revenue. In the labor market, migration boosts persistently job openings and, after a year and a half, hourly wages in manufacturing. Total unemployment declines but the response is asymmetric between natives and foreigners. Unemployment falls persistently for natives while it
rises a year after the shock for foreigners as the newly settled migrants enter the labor market gradually. Using also quarterly data in a mixed-frequency SVAR, we shed light on the employment and participation responses for natives and foreigners. We also show that migration shocks increase per capita GDP, investment, and
hourly wages of the aggregate economy. Taken together, our results highlight a job-creation effect for natives and a job-competition effect for foreigners
12-month Follow-up Analysis Of A Multicenter, Randomized, Prospective Trial In De Novo Liver Transplantation Recipients (lis2t) Comparing Cyclosporine Microemulsion (c2 Monitoring) And Tacrolimus
The LIS2T study was an open-label, multicenter study in which recipients of a primary liver transplant were randomized to cyclosporine microemulsion (CsA-ME) (Neural) (n = 250) (monitoring of blood concentration at 2 hours postdose) C2 or tacrolimus (n = 245) (monitoring of trough drug blood level[predose])Co to compare efficacy and safety at 3 and 6 months and to evaluate patient status at 12 months. All patients received steroids with or without azathioprine. At 12 months, 85% of CsA-ME patients and 86% o tacrolimus patients survived with a functioning grat (P not significant). Efficacy was similar in deceased-and living-donor recipients. Significantly fewer hepatitis C-positive patients died or lost their graft by 12 months with CsA-ME 95/ 88,6%) than with tacrolimus (14/85,16%) (P< 0.03). Recurrence of hepatitis C virus in liver grafts was similar in each group. Based on biopsies driven by clinical events, the mean time to histological diagnosis of hepatitis C virus recurrence was significantly longer with CsA-ME (100 ± 50 days) than with tacrolimus (70 ± 40 days) (P < 0.05). Median serum creatinine at 12 months was 106 μmol/L with CsA-ME and with tacrolimus. More patients who were nondiabetic at baseline received antihyperglycemic therapy in the tacrolimus group at 12 months was (13% vs. 5%, P< 0.01). Of patients who were diabetic at baseline, more tacrolimus-treated individuals required anti-diabetic treatment at 12 months ( 70% vs. 49%, P+ 0.02). Treatment for de novo or preexisting hypertension or hyperlipidemia was similar in both groups. In conclusion, the efficacy of CsA-ME monitored by blood concentration at 2 hours postdose and tacrolimus in liver transplant patients is equivalent to 12 months, and renal function is similar. More patients required antidiabetic therapy with tacrolimus regardless of diabetic status at baseline. © 2006 AASLD.121014641472United Network for Organ Sharing Data Report: Liver Kaplan-Meier Graft Survival Rates for Transplants Performed 1996-2001 (2004), http://www.optn.org, Available at: Accessed: February 2Vogt, D.P., Henderson, J.M., Carey, W.D., Barnes, D., The long-term survival and causes of death in patients who survive at least 1 year after liver transplantation (2002) Surgery, 132, pp. 775-780Johnston, S.D., Morris, J.K., Cramb, R., Gunson, B.K., Neuberger, J., Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation (2002) Transplantation, 73, pp. 901-906Neal, D.A., Tom, B.D., Luan, J., Wareham, N.J., Gimson, A.E., Delrivere, L.D., Is there disparity between risk and incidence of cardiovascular disease after liver transplant? 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