MODEL OPTIMISASI SATUAN RUANG LAHAN PARKIR PASAR PADA PERSIMPANGAN

Setiap kendaraan yang berjalan selalu membutuhkan tempat untuk parkir.Kendaraan yang parkir di Simpang Tujuh Ulee Kareng sering menghambatpergerakan lalu lintas, hal ini dikarenakan pemakaian lahan parkir yang tidakseharusnya atau tidak diparkirkan dengan benar. Dalam mengatasi masalah ini,pengelola parkir harus mampu mengelola sistem parkir secara tepat sehinggalahan yang tersedia dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan efisien. Penelitian iniberusaha membangun model optimisasi satuan ruang parkir (SRP) danmenerapkannya di Simpang Tujuh Ulee Kareng. Metode Integer LinearProgramming (ILP) digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah SRP maksimum disuatu lahan parkir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan parkir yang beradapada radius 180 m dari persimpangan di Simpang Tujuh Ulee Kareng memilikiSRP optimal sebesar 4448 unit sepeda motor. Lahan yang paling banyak memilikidaya tampung SRP berada pada Jln Lamreung yaitu dengan SRP optimal 1198unit sepeda motor dan lahan yang memiliki daya tampung paling sedikit beradapada jalan Jln. Masjid Tuha yaitu dengan SRP optimal 49 unit sepeda motor.Kata Kunci: Optimisasi, Model Satuan Ruang Parkir (SRP), Metode IntegerLinear Programming

Intractable policy failure: the case of bovine TB and badgers

The failure to eliminate bovine TB from the English and Welsh cattle herd represents a long-term intractable policy failure. Cattle-to-cattle transmission of the disease has been underemphasised in the debate compared with transmission from badgers despite a contested evidence base. Archival evidence shows that mythical constructions of the badger have shaped the policy debate. Relevant evidence was incomplete and contested; alternative framings of the policy problem were polarised and difficult to reconcile; and this rendered normal techniques of stakeholder management through co-option and mediation of little assistance

Percepción del Contraste Bilabial-Labiodental en Las Consonantes Aproximantes del Castellano de Chile [Perception of the bilabial-labiodental contrast in the approximant consonants of the Chilean Spanish]

Perception of the bilabial-labiodental contrast in the approximant consonants of the Chilean Spanish.– Until recently, the consensus was that labiodental realizations of Spanish /b/ did not exist, and that consequently this variation in place of articulation could be safely disregarded. However, new evidence emerged showing that labiodental variants of /b/ do exist in relatively high numbers, at least in some dialects such as in Chilean Spanish. This study set out to determine whether Chilean Spanish listeners are able to perceive the differ-ences between bilabial and labiodental approximant variants of Spanish /b/ (i.e., [β̞] versus [ʋ]). In order to test this, natural and synthetic stimuli were presented to 31 native listeners in identification and discrimination tasks. Results showed that, while the identification task with natural stimuli provided mixed evidence of sensitivity to the con-trast, the identification and discrimination tasks with synthetic stimuli provided no evidence of listeners perceiving the phonetic contrast categorically. In sum, listeners do no seem able to perceive the acoustic differences between the two segments, and thus it is unlikely that this phonetic contrast could be employed to encode sociolinguistic information

Responses of potatoes plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and litter in greenhouse

A pot experiment was set to examine the impact of the foliar litter (Hardwickia binata and Azadirachta indica) and an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus on the development of two varieties of potato plants (Aida, Atlas). Three litter doses (0, 25 and 50 g) were applied to the pots after bedding plantlets. The plants were inoculated with AM, Glomus aggregatum. Mycorrhizal colonization, shoot dry weight, size and number of minitubers were evaluated after 12 weeks on the potato growth. Results show that shoot dry weight of plants was improved by litter of the H. binata at 25 and 50 g. Thus, A. indica litter increased size of plants Aida at 50 g and the minitubers numbers Atlas at 25 g. On the other hand, root colonization decreased with increase in the dose of litter with both varieties of potato.Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, potato, litter, micropropagation

Investigating the usability of touch-based user interfaces

With the emergence of pen-and-touch operated personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablet computers, and wall-size displays (e.g., Liveboard and Smartboard), touch and pen input have gained popularity. Touch-based user interfaces such as mobile phones, PDAs and tablet PCs (with touch screens) have become more attractive in consumer electronics because they enable quick learning and rapid performance whilst evoking high user satisfaction. Today, countless supermarket checkouts, restaurant tills, automated-teller machines, airport check-in kiosks, museum information-booths and voting kiosks use touchscreens. Nevertheless, initial literature identified that the widespread use of a touch-based user interface has been limited by the high error rates shown in many studies, the lack of precision, the fatigue in arm motion, and the concern for screen smudging. Furthermore, most research into touch-based interaction has tended to not directly investigate efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction. There is therefore a need to add to the body of knowledge in this area, especially as devices using touch-based interaction are becoming more pervasive.Hence, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the usability of touch-based user interfaces in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction. In order to answer the question of whether a touch-based user interface is better - more effective, useful, practical and satisfying to the user -, an investigation of comparison to other, alternative interaction methods, by means of mouse, touch and stylus has been conducted.Therefore, the research sets out to concentrate on a series of empirical experiments that will be designed and developed to evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction of using touchscreen interfaces. Furthermore, in order to collect the human performance data, a series of small software prototypes involving touch-based interaction were developed and designed using Adobe Flash.Initially a pilot experiment is carried out and followed by the abstract experiment and context experiment that were based on the guidance of The International Organization for Standardization known as ISO (ISO 9241-420, 2011).The abstract experiment consist of four tests (Tracing test, Dragging test, One direction test and Multi directional test) which are deliberately developed as abstract tasks with the purpose of analysing the user’s ability on simple tasks without a real world context. The context experiment consist of four tests as well (Tracing test, Dragging test, One direction test and Multi directional test) which are deliberately developed as contextual tasks with the purpose of analysing the user’s ability in a real world context. Overall, the aim of both abstract and context experiments was to discover if there are differences in mouse, stylus and touch on the tracing test and dragging test with different levels of difficulty that could affect users’ performance and satisfaction.The significant contribution to knowledge that may arise from this research might provoke the gaining of evidence to show if touch-based interaction is more effective and preferred by users in real-world-type tasks and scenarios. Currently there is very little evidence to indicate whether touch-based interaction is more effective and preferred by users. It seems that the proliferation of touch-based devices is market-driven rather than usability-driven. Moreover, this is the first study that has been carried out which compare three input devices (stylus, mouse and touch) in tracing, dragging, one direction tapping and multi directional tapping test for both abstract and context tasks and therefore contributes to the up-to-date HCI literature.The main strength of the current study is that it provides findings from well-designed experiment that is based on ISO standard (ISO 9241-420, 2011). It provided a useful guideline that can be further developed and applied to other research in this area

In vitro Antifungal Activity of Baccharis trimera Less (DC) Essential Oil against Dermatophytes

Purpose: To identify the main components of the essential oil (EO) of Baccharis trimera Less and investigate their in vitro antifungal activity against seven fungal strains that cause onychomycosis.Methods: The chemical composition of EO was determined using gas chromatography, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), and antifungal activity were compared with those of terbinafine and ketoconazole. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate morphological changes in the strains of interest.Results: Twenty compounds, with β-pinene being the major constituent (23.4 %), were identified in EO. EO exhibited fungicide potential, with MFC values in the range of 0.06 to 125 μg mL−1, which were lower than those of the reference drugs against Trichophyton rubrum CCT 5507 URM1666 and Microsporum canis ATCC 32903. MIC range for the compounds was from 0.03 to 125 μg mL−1 for five strains of the fungi evaluated. For Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 11481 and Epidermophyton floccosum CCFIOC 3757, MIC was ≥ 1000 μg mL−1. Flattening, distortions, and shrinkage were observed in the SEM images of structures of the five fungal species that were subjected to the action of the EO.Conclusion: The results indicate that EO has antifungal activity against filamentous fungi and may be developed as an alternative for the treatment of onychomycosis.Keywords: Baccharis trimera, Fungi, Onychomycosis, Dermatophytes, Antifunga