ギョギョウシュウラク ニ オケル ギョウジショク ノ ジゾク ト ヘンヨウ

今回の調査によって、奈屋浦において現在でも精霊棚(餓鬼棚)の慣習が残っていることが確認され、さらに供えられる料理や食物の内容の詳細を明らかにすることができた。奈屋浦で精霊棚(餓鬼棚)の伝統的な姿が残ったのは、次に示す3点に下支えされていることが要因であると考える。1)集落人口が維持されたこと(伝統を継承する若年層が一定数確保された)2)生業構造(漁業人口)が維持されたこと(類似した生活構造にある人々が多い)3)地域住民のつながりが深いこと(精霊棚に供える野菜などを分け合ってまかなっている)This paper examines continuance and transformation of meals of traditional event in fishing community. Specially, it investigates how Gakidana, special meal for the spirits of ancestors in Bon period, has been changed and maintained in Nayaura, a fishing village located in southern Mie prefecture. By meticulous research into traditional meals and literature study on socioeconomic background of this village, the study reveals three factors that have maintained the custom of traditional meals:1) Maintenance of population supported by economic development has produced flame keepers.2) Maintenance of population of fishery industry has given inhabitants similar life structure.3) Close relationship among inhabitants results in sharing ingredients for traditional meals

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve lipoprotein particle size and concentration in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia: a pilot study

Abstract Background Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Although hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) can reduce cardiovascular events, residual risk remains even after target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels have been achieved. Lipoprotein particle size and fraction changes are thought to contribute to such risks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, on lipoprotein particle size, concentration, and glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Methods This was a multicenter, prospective, open-label, single arm study. We enrolled 14 patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia treated with statins and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 8.0%, LDL-C < 120 mg/dL, and fasting triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL. After a 12-week observation period, they were treated with 4 g/day n-3 PUFAs for 12 weeks. Lipoprotein particle sizes, concentrations, lipoprotein insulin resistance (LPIR) scores, lipid profiles, HbA1c, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured before and after treatment. Lipoprotein profiles were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results Concentrations of total cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL-C (P = 0.003), and triglyceride (P < 0.001) decreased following n-3 PUFA administration. N-3 PUFAs decreased the size of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL; P < 0.001) particles, but did not affect LDL or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The concentration of large LDL increased, whereas small LDL decreased, causing the large to small LDL ratio to increase significantly (P = 0.042). Large VLDL and chylomicron concentrations significantly decreased, as did the large to small VLDL ratio (all P < 0.001). FPG levels unchanged, whereas HbA1c levels slightly increased. LPIR scores improved significantly (P = 0.001). Conclusions N-3 PUFAs partly improved atherogenic lipoprotein particle size and concentration, and produced less atherogenic lipoprotein subclass ratios in patients that achieved target LDL-C levels and glycemic control. These results suggest that n-3 PUFAs may reduce residual cardiovascular risk factors in statin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Trial registration The study was registered at UMIN-ID: UMIN000013776