Lazaroid U-74500A for warm ischemia and reperfusion injury of the canine small intestine

BACKGROUND: Although lazaroids have been shown to protect various organs from ischemia/reperfusion injury, results obtained in the small intestine have been conflicting. STUDY DESIGN: The canine small intestine was made totally ischemic for 2 hours by occluding the superior mesenteric artery and the superior mesenteric vein with interruption of the mesenteric collateral vessels. A lazaroid compound, U74500A, or a citrate vehicle was given intravenously to each of the six animals for 30 minutes before intestinal ischemia. Intestinal tissue blood flow, lipid peroxidation, neutrophil infiltration, adenine nucleotides and their catabolites, and histologic changes after reperfusion were determined. RESULTS: Lazaroid treatment attenuated decline of the mucosal and serosal blood flow after reperfusion. Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and neutrophils in mucosal tissues was markedly inhibited by the treatment. Postischemic energy resynthesis was also augmented by lazaroid. Morphologically, mucosal architectures were better preserved with lazaroid treatment after reperfusion, and recovered to normal by postoperative day 3 in the treated group and by post-operative day 7 in control animals. CONCLUSIONS: Lazaroids protect the canine small intestine from ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and neutrophil infiltration. Dogs are tolerant of 2-hour normothermic complete intestinal ischemia

Prevalence, Correlates, and Comorbidity of 12-Month Tobacco Dependence among Ever-smokers in South Korea, During 1984-2001

The rate of dependence among ever-users of a drug indicates the risk of developing dependence once an individual has been exposed to the drug. This is the first study to investigate 12-month tobacco dependence (TD) among ever-smokers in a community-based population. Analyses were based on two national studies of representative samples aged 18-64 in 1984 (n=5,025) and in 2001 (n=6,275), conducted with household visits and face-to-face interviews. The rates of 12-month TD among ever-smokers in men showed no significant difference between 51.6% in 1984 and 50.6% in 2001. On the contrary, the rates in women significantly increased from 33.3% in 1984 to 52.8% in 2001. After adjusting for the sociodemographic variables, 'male gender' was significantly associated with 12-month TD among ever-smokers in 1984, but not in 2001. 'Unmarried' was significantly associated in 2001 but not in 1984. 'Alcohol dependence' was the only psychiatric disorder associated with 12-month TD in both study years. In conclusion, 12-month TD was found in about 50% of ever-smokers, and gender differences between the rates of 12-month TD which was observed in 1984 disappeared in 2001. Individuals with 12-month TD showed higher comorbidity with alcohol dependence than ever-smokers without TD

Relationships of Mental Disorders and Weight Status in the Korean Adult Population

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between weight status and mental disorders, including depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorder. A total of nationally representative 6,510 subjects aged 18-64 yr was interviewed in face-to-face household survey. Response rate was 81.7%. Mental disorders were diagnosed using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). The subjects reported their heights and weights. After adjusting for age and gender, the lifetime diagnosis of depressive disorder had a significant association with only the underweight group (odds ratio [OR], 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.38). The association between underweight and depressive disorder was the strongest for subjects with a high education level (OR, 1.75, 95% CI, 1.2-2.56), subjects with a married/cohabiting status (OR, 1.94, 95% CI, 1.17-3.22) and smokers (OR, 2.58, 95% CI, 1.33-4.98). There was no significant association between obesity and depressive disorder in Korea. But there was a significant association between the underweight group and depressive disorder. The relationship between obesity and mental disorder in a Korean population was different from that in a Western population. These results suggest that the differences of traditional cultures and races might have an important effect on the associations between the weight status and mental disorders

Effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression in community-dwelling older adults: a randomised feasibility study

Although a focus on late-life depression may help preventing suicide in older adults, many older people, especially those living in rural areas, have relatively low accessibility to treatment. This study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression targeting older adults living in rural areas. A community-based randomised pilot trial was performed in two small rural villages in South Korea. Two villages were randomly selected and assigned to the intervention or active control group; all older adults living in the two villages (n = 451) were included in the intervention program or received standard Community Mental Health Service (CMHS) care, and the effectiveness of the program was examined using representative samples from both groups (n = 160). The 12-week intervention included case management according to individual risk level and group-based activities. Healthy residents living in the intervention village who played major roles in monitoring at-risk older individuals were supervised by CMHS staff. The score on the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (SGDS-K) was the primary outcome, while social network, functional status, and global cognitive function were secondary outcomes. Linear mixed models including the factors of intervention group, time, and their interaction were used to examine group differences in changes in primary and secondary outcomes from baseline to follow up. Overall, there was no significant group × time interaction with respect to the SGDS-K score, but older individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline (SGDS-K ≥ 6) tended to have a lower likelihood of progressing to severe depression at post-intervention. The social network was strengthened in the intervention group, and there was a significant group × time interaction (F[df1, df2], 5.29 [1, 153], p = 0.023). This study examined a 12-week village-based intervention for late-life depression in which the CMHS helped village-dwellers deal with late-life depression in their communities. Although the intervention improved social interactions among older adults, it did not reduce depressive symptoms. Further studies including more rural villages and long-term follow up are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this prevention program. NCT04013165 (date: 9 July 2019, retrospectively registered)

Prevalence of alcohol use disorder in a South Korean community--changes in the pattern of prevalence over the past 15 years

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in a Korean community and compared the results with 1984 epidemiological data. METHOD: A sample of 1,059 residents aged 18-64 years was interviewed using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). The results obtained were compared with those of a 1984 epidemiological study. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of alcohol use disorder was 15.6% (abuse 6.8%, dependence 8.8 %) and 1-year prevalence 7.5% (abuse 2.5%,dependence 5 %).The male-to-female ratio of life-time prevalence was 5.8,which markedly decreased with decreasing age. A cohort effect, i. e. increases of lifetime prevalence in younger cohorts, was observed, with the exception of the 60- to 64-year-old cohort. The mean age of onset was 27.7 years (male 28.2 years, female 24.2 years). When the results of the present study were compared with those of the 1984 study, it was found that, during the past 15 years, lifetime prevalence has decreased, prevalence ratios of abuse and dependence have become reversed, and the male-to-female ratio has decreased. CONCLUSION: Remarkable changes in the pattern of prevalence, which have occurred between 1984 and 1999, may be attributed to significant sociocultural changes and to a decrease in the proportion of a high-risk cohort in the populations

Mental health service use in a nationwide sample of Korean adults

Introduction An understanding of the factors leading to the use of mental health services is important in improving access to mental health-care. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of mental health services, determinants of use and barriers to use. Methods Data were derived from a representative sample of the general population, aged 18-64 years. The Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used for the purpose of psychiatric assessment. Respondents were also asked about their use of mental health services, and about any experience of barriers to services. The response rate was 80.2%, and a total of 6,275 persons participated in the study. Results Of the respondents who completed the interview (n = 6,275), 1.9% reported the use of mental health services during the past 12 months. Of the respondents who met the criteria for the 1-year diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder (n = 916), 6.1% received mental health-care. Age, unemployment, and medical assistance (public assistance) were correlated positively with frequency of mental health-care. Of those who suffered from a psychiatric disorder but did not seek consultation (n = 836), 23.4% said that they desired to handle the problem on their own, and 23% asserted that they had no psychiatric disorder. Conclusions The high rate of non-consultation among those with psychiatric disorders constitutes an important public health problem. Public health efforts to narrow the gap in service delivery are crucial. Also, additional efforts are warranted to address barriers to mental health care to develop an efficient mental health-care system.Williams DR, 2008, PSYCHOL MED, V38, P211, DOI 10.1017/S0033291707001420Druss BG, 2007, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V64, P1196Wang PS, 2007, LANCET, V370, P841, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61414-7Elhai JD, 2007, PSYCHIAT SERV, V58, P1108Judd F, 2007, AUSTRALAS PSYCHIATRY, V15, P185, DOI 10.1080/10398560601123724Jang YR, 2007, J AM GERIATR SOC, V55, P616, DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01125.xCho MJ, 2007, J NERV MENT DIS, V195, P203, DOI 10.1097/01.nmd.0000243826.40732.45Steele L, 2007, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V52, P201Honkonen T, 2007, SCAND J WORK ENV HEA, V33, P29Abe-Kim J, 2007, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V97, P91Levinson D, 2007, ISR J PSYCHIATR REL, V44, P114Fenta H, 2006, J NERV MENT DIS, V194, P925, DOI 10.1097/01.nmd.0000249109.71776.58SEO MK, 2006, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V44, P371Barney LJ, 2006, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V40, P51Gureje O, 2006, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V41, P44, DOI 10.1007/s00127-005-0001-7Kessler RC, 2005, NEW ENGL J MED, V352, P2515, DOI 10.1056/NEJMsa043266DRAPEAU A, 2005, CANADIAN J PSYCHIAT, V50, P599Saldivia S, 2004, PSYCHIAT SERV, V55, P71PAKR K, 2003, J KOREAN ACAD FAM ME, V24, P328CHO MJ, 2002, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V41, P123Andrews G, 2001, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V178, P145Kessler RC, 1999, AM J PSYCHIAT, V156, P115Swartz MS, 1998, COMMUNITY MENT HLT J, V34, P133*WHO, 1997, COMP INT DIAGN INT VSHAH BV, 1997, SUDAAN USERS MANUALLin E, 1996, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V41, P572MELTZER H, 1995, PHYS COMPLAINTS SERVCROW MR, 1994, J MENT HEALTH ADMIN, V21, P5KESSLER RC, 1994, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V51, P8WITTCHEN HU, 1994, J PSYCHIAT RES, V28, P57*AM PSYCH ASS, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENTJOSEPH AE, 1993, SOC SCI MED, V37, P813REGIER DA, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P85HANSSON L, 1992, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V86, P255OLFSON M, 1992, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V27, P161BLAND RC, 1990, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V35, P397KEELER EB, 1988, J HEALTH ECON, V7, P369WELLS KB, 1988, MED CARE, V26, P441KESSLER LG, 1987, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V77, P18TAUBE CA, 1986, HEALTH SERV RES, V21, P321LEAF PJ, 1985, MED CARE, V23, P1322HORGAN CM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P565MANNING WG, 1984, AM PSYCHOL, V39, P1077SUE S, 1977, AM PSYCHOL, V32, P616

Restless Legs Syndrome in a Community Sample of Korean Adults: Prevalence, Impact on Quality of Life, and Association with DSM-IV Psychiatric Disorders

Study Objectives: Conflicting reports on prevalence of RLS exist in Asian countries due to differences in sampling strategies and assessment instruments. We assessed the prevalence, correlates, quality of life, and psychiatric comorbidity of RLS in South Korea. Design/setting: Cross-sectional nationwide survey. Participants: Nationally representative sample of 6,509 Korean adults aged 18-64. Measurement & Results: Face-to-face interviews based on the Korean translation of the four features of RLS defined by the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG), the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI), and EuroQol (EQ-5D) were conducted for all participants. The weighted prevalence of RLS in South Korea was 0.9% (men, 0.6%; women, 1.3%). Subjects with RLS had a lower quality of life according to EQ-5D than those without RLS. Adjusted odds ratio for lifetime diagnosis of DSM-IV major depressive disorder (2.57, 95% confidence interval [1.33, 4.96]), panic disorder (18.9 [4.72, 75.9]) and posttraumatic stress disorder (3.76 [1.32, 10.7]) suggest strong association between RLS and DSM-IV depression and anxiety disorders. Conclusions: Prevalence of RLS estimated based on the IRLSSG diagnostic criteria is substantially lower in South Korea than in Western countries. Differences in culture and risk factors that affect the expression of RLS may vary across the countries.This work was supported by the Korean Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs.Benes H, 2009, SLEEP MED, V10, P524, DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2008.06.007HENING WA, 2009, SLEEP MED 0128Lee HB, 2008, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V20, P101Chang SM, 2008, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V106, P159, DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2007.07.023Cho YW, 2008, SLEEP, V31, P219Stefansson H, 2007, NEW ENGL J MED, V357, P639, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa072743Winkelmann J, 2007, NAT GENET, V39, P1000, DOI 10.1038/ng2099Mignot E, 2007, NAT GENET, V39, P938McCrink L, 2007, SLEEP MED, V8, P73, DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2006.03.014Winkelman JW, 2006, SLEEP MED, V7, P545, DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2006.01.004Hornyak M, 2005, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V66, P1139Mizuno S, 2005, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V59, P461Tison F, 2005, NEUROLOGY, V65, P239Picchietti D, 2005, SLEEP, V28, P891Allen RP, 2005, ARCH INTERN MED, V165, P1286Kim MH, 2005, QUAL LIFE RES, V14, P1401, DOI 10.1007/s11136-004-5681-zKim J, 2005, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V59, P350Demyttenaere K, 2004, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V291, P2581Berger K, 2004, ARCH INTERN MED, V164, P196CHIU E, 2004, AUSTRALAS PSYCHIAT S, V12, pS4Sevim S, 2003, NEUROLOGY, V61, P1562Allen RP, 2003, SLEEP MED, V4, P101, DOI 10.1016/S1389-9457(03)00010-8CHO MJ, 2002, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V41, P123Ulfberg J, 2001, MOVEMENT DISORD, V16, P1159Rabin R, 2001, ANN MED, V33, P337Tan EK, 2001, MOVEMENT DISORD, V16, P577Cho MJ, 1998, J NERV MENT DIS, V186, P304*WHO, 1997, PROC DEV NEW LANG VEWeissman MM, 1996, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V276, P293*AM PSYCH ASS, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENTCHEN CN, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P125LEE CK, 1990, J NERV MENT DIS, V178, P242*EUROQOL GROUP, 1990, HLTH POLICY, V16, P199, DOI DOI 10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9*WHO, 1990, COMP INT DIAGN INT CBUYSSE DJ, 1989, PSYCHIAT RES, V28, P193RADLOFF LS, 1986, COMMUNITY SURVEY PSYEATON WW, 1981, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V114, P528