Conformational differences among metarhodopsin I, metarhodopsin II, and opsin probed by wide-angle X-ray scattering

Among the photoproducts of vertebrate rhodopsin, only metarhodopsin II (Meta-II) preferentially adopts the active structure in which transmembrane helices are rearranged. Light-induced helical rearrangement of rhodopsin in membrane-embedded form was directly monitored by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) using nanodiscs. The change in the WAXS curve for the formation of Meta-II was characterized by a peak at 0.2 Å⁻¹ and a valley at 0.6 Å⁻¹, which were not observed in metarhodopsin I and opsin. However, acid-induced active opsin (Opsin*) showed a 0.2 Å⁻¹ peak, but no 0.6 Å⁻¹ valley. Analyses using the model structures based on the crystal structures of dark state and Meta-II suggest that the outward movement of helix VI occurred in Opsin*. However, the displaced helices III and V in Meta-II resulting from the disruption of cytoplasmic ionic lock were restored in Opsin*, which is likely to destabilize the G-protein-activating structure of opsin

プロバイダ法改正の意義 ―プラットフォーム事業者の責任の視点から―

This paper introduces the amendments to the Provider Law and evaluates their significance from the perspective of the responsibility of the platform operator

民法起草過程における「 別段ノ定 」 等に関する議論の整理（上）ー強行法・任意法の視点からー

The purpose of this research note is to organize discussions on the “extra provisions” in the drafting process of civil law, from the viewpoint of forced law and voluntary law

ネット上の名誉侵害による不法行為

This paper discusses some issues about tort of defamation on websites

匿名で取引するシステムを提供する者の責任―履行請求権の視点から―

In the event of a dispute regarding a contract concluded by an anonymous trading system, the disadvantaged or damaged party loses the opportunity to receive legal remedies, due to anonymity. At present, this disadvantage or damage is neglected. This paper points out that is the problem. This paper insisted that the responsibility of the provider for disclosure of the party should be recognized, and that the anonymous system provider who refuses to disclose the party information due to the anonymous contract, should be liable for performance on behalf of the anonymous party. The insistence of this paper is based on the presumption of the party's intention that ""the party cannot wish to conclude a contract without the claim for the performance"". This paper further states that consent to an anonymous system contract does not constitute a manifestation of intention to renounce the possibility of a private law solution, and that it is not allowed to exclude the party from the legal order including mandatory provisions, on the grounds of an anonymous system contract agreement

プロバイダの発信者情報開示義務 （下）

This paper discusses some issues about duties of the provider to disclose information of a sender

Successful Extracorporeal Life Support for Life-threatening Hypercapnia with Bronchiolitis Obliterans after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a disease with a poor prognosis, and a key factor that limits long-term survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We here report a case of a 31-year woman with acute lymphatic leukemia, which was treated by chemotherapy and HSCT, and consequently developed BO 2 years after HSCT. A non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection occurred and showed gradual exacerbation. She started taking anti-mycobacterial drugs, but lost appetite, felt tired and finally lost consciousness one month after beginning medication. Arterial blood gas revealed marked hypercapnia. Using extracorporeal life support (ECLS), the carbon dioxide concentration was reduced and her consciousness recovered. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which ECLS was successfully used for hypercapnia in a patient with BO