セルロースの還元性未端基の反応性 I : フェニルセルロシドの調製

As the first step in a project to synthesize cellulose derivatives with highly regioselelective functionality, we planned to introduce a specific functional group into only the reducing-end group of a cellulose derivative. Glycosylation reactions, which are specific for the hemiacetal hydroxyl group, were carried out using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the starting material and phenol, a simple and easily identifiable compound, as the aglycon. CTA was reacted with phenol in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate to obtain phenyl peracetyl celluloside (PPAC), which contains the phenyl group in only the reducing-end group, in high yield. Based on the molecular weight of the product, calculated both from viscosity and from the absorbance at 274 nm, it was concluded that under these reaction conditions a certain degree of depolymerization also occurs. However, it is clear that a phenyl group was introduced into each new reducing-end group formed by the cleavage of a glycosidic bond. Thus, the reaction proceeding under these conditions is a sort of henolysis of CTA. The present method offers one means to introduce a specific functional group into only the reducing-end group of CTAセルロースの高位置選抗的置換誘導体の合成研究の一環として, まずセルロースの還元性未端基のみにある特定の官能基を導入することを計画した。出発物質としてセルローストリアセテー卜 (CTA), アグリコンとして最も簡単で, 同定しやすいフェノールを用いて, ヘミアセタール性水酸基に特異的であるグリコシル化反応を試みた。三フッ化ホウ素エーテル錯塩の存在下, CTAとフェノールを反応させたところ, フェノールがCTAの還元性未端基のみに導入されたフェニルパーアセチルセルロシド (PPAC) が高収率で得られた。生成物の溶液粘度および274nmの吸光度から求めた分子量から, この反応条件下ではある程度の解重合が進行するが, グリコシド結合が切断した後に新たに生成した還元性未端基には必らずフェノールが導入されることが判明した。すなわち, この反応は一種のCTAのフェノール分解であり, 本法はCTAの還元性未端基のみにある特定の官能基を導入するための一つの手段を提供するものと考えられる

UNIFORM-1: First Micro-Satellite of Forest Fire Monitoring Constellation Project

UNIFORM Project had started in November 2010 with its vision of constructing sustainable micro-satellite constellation system via cooperation with various countries. International collaboration and actual utilization of the system are the keys of the project for realizing sustainable space industry. Forest fire monitoring was selected as the first mission. UNIFORM-1 is the first micro-satellite, weighing 50kg with 50cm cubic size, in this project and launched on May 24th, 2014 by H-IIA rocket as a secondary payload. UNIFORM-1 carries two cameras of area sensor: uncooled microbolometer camera and visible light camera. Both have GSD of less than 200[m] and swath is about 100km. These two cameras are used for localization of heat anomaly spots. The acquired image will be overlaid on global map to generate a “forest fire map” which will be released so that local fire department of the concerning country can take action promptly and extinguish forest fire. Other key features of this satellite are following: 3-axis control with reaction wheels, deployable solar array panel wings, lithium ion battery, and 10Mbps X-band transmitter for mission data. Design and test result of UNIFORM-1 flight model is explained in detail in this paper. As the result of initial operation of five days after launch, image of infrared camera was successfully acquired

Promising long-term outcomes of the reused skin-graft technique for chronic gluteal hidradenitis suppurativa

Background: The reused skin-graft technique can be used to treat chronic gluteal hidradenitis suppurativa, but long-term outcomes and the reliability of the technique have not been reported. Methods: In a retrospective review of 18 men with chronic gluteal hidradenitis suppurativa (age range, 18-68 years) treated with a reused skin graft between June 2004 and March 2012, we evaluated disease severity (Hurley classification system), skin-graft thickness, the need for an additional normal skin graft, histological findings and recurrence rate at the surgical site. Results: The mean duration of follow-up was 61.3 months (range, 17-113 months). Five cases were classified into severity group I, 12 cases into severity group II and one case into severity group III. The range of skin-graft thicknesses was 0.013-0.020 inches. An additional donor site was unnecessary in 10 cases (three cases in group I (60%) and seven cases in group II (58.3%)). Histological examination indicated that a buried epidermal cyst could cause chronic gluteal hidradenitis suppurativa recurrence, although none of the patients experienced recurrence at the surgical site during follow-up. Conclusion: The reused skin-graft technique is reliable for chronic gluteal hidradenitis suppurativa resection, and it shows promising long-term outcomes

Utility of the Method Using the Tsukisui Device to Control Intraoperative Bleeding Applied to Neurofibroma Resection

Summary: The resection of neurofibromas in Von Recklinghausen’s disease [neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1)] is frequently complicated due to size, location, hypervascularity, and tissue friability. A repeat resection, however, is necessary for patients with functional problems such as unexpected tumor bleeding or with changes in esthetic appearance. This report describes application of the method using the Tsukisui device to resecting NF-1 tumors while minimizing blood loss. The method using the Tsukisui device was applied for the resection of 8 NF-1 tumors (5 patients), and intraoperative blood loss, operative time, and postoperative complications were recorded. In all cases employing this method, intraoperative blood loss was <360 ml (10–360 ml), and none of the patients developed postoperative hematoma or other notable bleeding complications. The method using the Tsukisui device, which provided excellent hemostasis and was associated with few complications, shows promise for application to neurofibroma resection

Clinical features and treatment strategies of febrile urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae in children: a multicenter retrospective observational study in Japan

Objectives: The incidence of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing bacteria has increased. This study aimed to clarify the risk factors and treatment strategies for febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in Japanese children. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in 21 hospitals among children aged <16 years diagnosed with an fUTI between 2008 and 2017. Clinical data of children with fUTI caused by ESBL-producing and non-ESBL–producing bacteria were compared. Results: Of the 2049 cases of fUTI, 147 (7.2%) were caused by ESBL-producing bacteria. Children in the ESBL group were more likely to have a history of recent antibiotic use or prophylactic antibiotic use, and experience recurrent UTIs (P <0.001) compared with those in the non-ESBL group. Of the 124 cases of fUTI due to ESBL-producing bacteria that were reviewed, 20 and 100 had concordant and discordant antibiotic use, respectively, and four had unknown antibiotic susceptibility. The median time from the start of treatment to fever resolution was 24 hours and did not differ significantly by therapy group (P = 0.39). Conclusion: ESBL-producing bacteria should be considered in children with recurrent UTIs and recent antibiotic use. Most children with fUTI experience clinical improvement regardless of the choice of antibiotic