Synthesis and spectroelectrochemical study of novel polyhedral borane derivatives

The substitution chemistry of dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate (2-) and decahydro-closodecaborate (2-) as well as the spectroelectrochemical properties of the resulted compounds which we refer to herein as "polyaryl boranes" was investigated in this research. Polyaryl boranes are a new class of organic-inorganic hybrid nanomolecular ions derived from the substitution chemistry between polyhedral boranes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The properties of each polyaryl borane were dependent upon the composition and the structure of bound ligands, and these maybe tailored through chemical modification of the surface. Analytical tools such as high-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and infra-red spectroscopies were employed for the structural characterization of polyaryl boranes. Methods have been optimized for making, controlling and analyzing the polyaryl boranes. These polyarylation reactions are found to be acid catalyzed. On the contrary, the presence of minute amounts of base inhibited the reaction progress any further. Threedimensional aromaticity resulted from the delocalization of [pi] electrons from aromatic hydrocarbon ligands into the boron-cage framework via the newly formed exo-hedral B-C bonds. Polyaryl borane clusters are found to exhibit interesting electronic and spectroscopic properties including high-solution phase fluorescence quantum yields, high molar absorptivities and extra-ordinarily large stoke shifts. The electrochemical studies revealed multiple reversible and/or quasi-reversible redox processes at different oxidation states of polyaryl boranes. Furthermore, the fluorescence emission, excitation and absorption spectra for most polyaryl boranes change reversibly upon applying product-specific electrochemical potentials, thus resulting in redox controlled fluorescence switching and electrochromism. Also, the molar absorptivities of polyaryl boranes found to be much higher compared to their respective ligands alone. This research suggests that the new nanomaterials synthesized may have the potential for applications in biomedical imaging and sensor development.Includes bibliographical references

Self consistent calculations of the electric charge, ion drag force, and the drift velocity of spherical grains using Langevin dynamics and comparisons against canonical experiments

The relative motion of ions with respect to objects/grains in a plasma leads to the ion drag force 1-5, like the drag force experienced by surfaces immersed in flows of neutral fluids. Ion drag force F ⃗_id plays a critical role in the collective motion and self-organization of grains in plasmas 6, 7, void formation in We present trajectory simulation-based modeling to capture the interactions between ions and charged grains in dusty or complex plasmas. Our study is motivated by the need for a self-consistent and experimentally validated approach for accurately calculating the ion drag force and grain charge that determine grain collective behavior in plasmas. We implement Langevin Dynamics in a computationally efficient multiscale approach to capture multiscale ion and grain dynamics. Along with critical assessments of our approach, suggestions for future experimental design to probe charging of and momentum transfer onto grains that capture the effect of space charge concentration and external fields are outlined

Industrial Silicon Solar Cells

The chapter will introduce industrial silicon solar cell manufacturing technologies with its current status. Commercial p-type and high efficiency n-type solar cell structures will be discussed and compared so that the reader can get a head-start in industrial solar cells. A brief over-view of various process steps from texturing to screen-printed metallization is presented. Texturing processes for mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline silicon wafers have been reviewed with the latest processes. An over-view of the thermal processes of diffusion and anti-reflective coating deposition has been presented. The well-established screen-printing process for solar cell metallization is introduced with the fast-firing step for sintering of the contacts. I-V testing of solar cells with various parameters for solar cell characterization is introduced. Latest developments in various processes and equipment manufacturing are also discussed along with the expected future trends

The development of a single molecule fluorescence standard and its application in estimating the stoichiometry of the nuclear pore complex

AbstractWe report here an image-based method to quantify the stoichiometry of diffraction-limited sub-cellular protein complexes in vivo under spinning disk confocal microscopy. A GFP single molecule fluorescence standard was first established by immobilizing His-tagged GFP molecules onto the glass surface via nickel nitrilotriacetic acid functionalized polyethylene glycol. When endogenous nucleoporins were knocked down and replaced by the exogenously expressed and knockdown-resistant GFP-nucleoporins, the stoichiometry of the nucleoporin was estimated by the ratio of its fluorescence intensity to that of the GFP single molecules. Our measured stoichiometry of Nup35, Nup93, Nup133 and Nup88 is 23, 18, 14 and 9 and there are possibly16 copies of Nup107-160 complex per nuclear pore complex

"Globalization and Liberalization of Higher Education Services under World Trade Law: A Study on WTO-GATS and Free Trade Agreements in the context of International Trade in Higher Education Services"

Master'sMASTER OF LAW

An enhanced passkey entry protocol for secure simple pairing in bluetooth

Bluetooth devices are being used very extensively in today's world. From simple wireless headsets to maintaining an entire home network, the Bluetooth technology is used everywhere. However, there are still vulnerabilities present in the pairing process of Bluetooth which leads to serious security issues resulting in data theft and manipulation. We scrutinize the passkey entry protocol in Secure Simple Pairing in the Bluetooth standard v5.2. In this thesis, we propose a simple enhancement for the passkey entry protocol in the authentication stage 1 of Secure Simple Pairing (SSP) using preexisting cryptographic hash functions and random integer gener- ation present in the protocol. Our research mainly focuses on strengthening the passkey entry protocol and protecting the devices against passive eavesdropping and active Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks in both Bluetooth Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate (BR/EDR) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). In addition to increasing the security of the protocol, our proposed model will also signi cantly reduce the computation cost and the communication cost of the protocol. This model can be implemented for any Bluetooth device which uses the passkey entry protocol and is of version 4.2 or greater

GAIT DETECTION AND GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR STROKE PATIENTS USING IOT TECHNOLOGY

The obstacles to standard wheelchairs specifically include edibility, weight and restrained capabilities. Many developments have been made within the situation of wheelchair generation; however those couldn't resource the quadriplegics to navigate independently. Automatic wheelchair using MEMS technology enabled the top and neck mobility of quadriplegics in a charge-effective manner. The position of customer’s head is converted into speed and route via the manage system. MEMS sensor and controller are the principle components of the device. The trade in course of the top is sensed via the MEMS sensor and the corresponding sign is given to microcontroller. The microcontroller controls the wheelchair directions with the assist of DC vehicles. This sensor famous the tilt and operates the electric gadgets and declares the simple needs counting on tilt. The tilt is on the left thing or proper aspect direction the related want is probably introduced. And it has the obstacle detection function. This tool can be very beneficial for paralysis and physically challenged humans. This tool is transportable and this system operation is genuinely driven via wi-fi technology. The consumer can wear it to any movable issue and may carry out it with the aid of tilting the MEMS sensor

Strategy to Optimize the Infill Structure of the Part Produced by Fused Deposition Modelling Process

The objective of this paper is to optimise the internal structure of 3D printed parts produced by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process. In 3D printing, the term infill refers to the internal structure of the part. The infill design is generally uniform throughout the part. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on an iterative process using remeshing techniques coupled to Finite Element simulation (FE simulation) to control the internal structure of the part without changing the contour. The aim of this methodology is to reinforce the part in the area where the mechanical strength must be improved in order to strengthen the structure, but also to minimize the amount of material in order to minimize the printing time. The proposed method is integrated in a computational environment using the ABAQUS (6.14) and the BL2D adaptive mesher. To validate this methodology, it has been applied on a structure subjected to four point bending. The material used for this structure is PLA (Poly lactic acid)

NRPreTo: A Machine Learning-Based Nuclear Receptor and Subfamily Prediction Tool

Article asserts that the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily includes phylogenetically related ligand-activated proteins, which play a key role in various cellular activities. The authors developed Nuclear Receptor Prediction Tool (NRPreTo), a two-level NR prediction tool with a unique training approach where in addition to the sequence-based features used by existing NR prediction tools, six additional feature groups depicting various physiochemical, structural, and evolutionary features of proteins were utilized

Large-scale intrinsic connectivity is consistent across varying task demands

Measuring whole-brain functional connectivity patterns based on task-free (‘resting-state’) spontaneous fluctuations in the functional MRI (fMRI) signal is a standard approach to probing habitual brain states, independent of task-specific context. This view is supported by spatial correspondence between task- and rest-derived connectivity networks. Yet, it remains unclear whether intrinsic connectivity observed in a resting-state acquisition is persistent during task. Here, we sought to determine how changes in ongoing brain activation, elicited by task performance, impact the integrity of whole-brain functional connectivity patterns (commonly termed ‘resting state networks’). We employed a ‘steady-states’ paradigm, in which participants continuously executed a specific task (without baseline periods). Participants underwent separate task-based (visual, motor and visuomotor) or task-free (resting) steady-state scans, each performed over a 5-minute period. This unique design allowed us to apply a set of traditional resting-state analyses to various task-states. In addition, a classical fMRI block-design was employed to identify individualized brain activation patterns for each task, allowing us to characterize how differing activation patterns across the steady-states impact whole-brain intrinsic connectivity patterns. By examining correlations across segregated brain regions (nodes) and the whole brain (using independent component analysis) using standard resting-state functional connectivity (FC) analysis, we show that the whole-brain network architecture characteristic of the resting-state is comparable across different steady-task states, despite striking inter-task changes in brain activation (signal amplitude). Changes in functional connectivity were detected locally, within the active networks. But to identify these local changes, the contributions of different FC networks to the global intrinsic connectivity pattern had to be isolated. Together, we show that intrinsic connectivity underlying the canonical resting-state networks is relatively stable even when participants are engaged in different tasks and is not limited to the resting-state