Fast fault location scheme for distribution systems based on fault transients

This paper presents a combined double-end and single-end fault locator for distribution systems. The technique lies under the impedance based category and uses the fault generated high frequency components to locate the faults. The combination of double-end and single-end allows the method to discriminate between faults on the main feeder and those on laterals. Also, the method only requires a short data window as it depends on the high frequency components. The evaluation of the method considers different system and fault parameters e.g. loading taps, loading unbalance, fault type and fault resistance. To validate the proposed technique, the IEEE 34 nodes system is used to simulate different test cases

MOESM3 of What is the extent and distribution of evidence on effectiveness of systematic conservation planning around the globe? A systematic map protocol

Additional file 3. Data extraction form/coding tool and typologies

MOESM4 of What is the extent and distribution of evidence on effectiveness of systematic conservation planning around the globe? A systematic map protocol

Additional file 4. Proposed data presentation matrix

Rapid Assessment of Ecosystem Service Co-Benefits of Biodiversity Priority Areas in Madagascar

<div><p>The importance of ecosystems for supporting human well-being is increasingly recognized by both the conservation and development sectors. Our ability to conserve ecosystems that people rely on is often limited by a lack of spatially explicit data on the location and distribution of ecosystem services (ES), the benefits provided by nature to people. Thus there is a need to map ES to guide conservation investments, to ensure these co-benefits are maintained. To target conservation investments most effectively, ES assessments must be rigorous enough to support conservation planning, rapid enough to respond to decision-making timelines, and often must rely on existing data. We developed a framework for rapid spatial assessment of ES that relies on expert and stakeholder consultation, available data, and spatial analyses in order to rapidly identify sites providing multiple benefits. We applied the framework in Madagascar, a country with globally significant biodiversity and a high level of human dependence on ecosystems. Our objective was to identify the ES co-benefits of biodiversity priority areas in order to guide the investment strategy of a global conservation fund. We assessed key provisioning (fisheries, hunting and non-timber forest products, and water for domestic use, agriculture, and hydropower), regulating (climate mitigation, flood risk reduction and coastal protection), and cultural (nature tourism) ES. We also conducted multi-criteria analyses to identify sites providing multiple benefits. While our approach has limitations, including the reliance on proximity-based indicators for several ES, the results were useful for targeting conservation investments by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF). Because our approach relies on available data, standardized methods for linking ES provision to ES use, and expert validation, it has the potential to quickly guide conservation planning and investment decisions in other data-poor regions.</p></div

Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in Madagascar.

<p>Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in Madagascar.</p

Steps for rapid ES assessment for site prioritization.

<p>Steps for rapid ES assessment for site prioritization.</p

Criteria and data used for spatial analyses of ecosystem services.

<p>Criteria and data used for spatial analyses of ecosystem services.</p

CEPF priority sites and relative importance for freshwater for agriculture (left) and local fisheries (right).

<p>CEPF priority sites and relative importance for freshwater for agriculture (left) and local fisheries (right).</p

Finnish drama on Czech stage

The Ihesis enlitled Finnish Drama on Czech Stage Iraces Ihe slaging ol Finnish Ihealre in Czech Iranslalion on Ihe lerrilory ol loday's Czech Republic, since lhe lirsl slaging ol a Finnish play in Ihe Czech environs in 1938102009. The Ihesis concenlrales on eighl plays lhal were once or repealedly slaged in Czech Ihealres, and on lhe particulars ol individual. produclions. II seeks 10 pul lhe choice ol Finnish dramalic works lor lhealrical repertoires in relalion wilh lhe dramalurgy ol Ihe lime and lhe developmenl ol Czech lhealre in general, examining also lhe polilical and social circumslances. The Ihesis queslions Ihe extenl 10 which Ihe chosen plays are represenlalive ol Finnish Ihealre as such, and seeks 10 delermine whelher Ihere is a unified style 10 their productions in Czech theatres

Results from multi-criteria analysis 1 (MCA1, left) and MCA2 (right).

<p>MCA1 includes carbon, hunting and non-timber forest products, fresh water, and nature tourism; MCA2 includes the same variables with the exception of carbon.</p