459 research outputs found
Study of dynamical charge fluctuations in the hadronic medium
The dynamical charge fluctuations have been studied in ultra-relativistic
heavy-ion collisions by using hadronic model simulations, such as UrQMD and
HIJING. The evolution of fluctuations has been calculated at different time
steps during the collision as well as different observation window in
pseudorapidity (\DelEta). The final state effects on the fluctuations have been
investigated by varying ~ and the time steps with the aim
of obtaining an optimum observation window for capturing maximum fluctuations.
It is found that ~ between 2.0 and 3.5 gives the best
coverage for the fluctuations studies. The results of these model calculations
for Au+Au collisions at ~=~7.7 to 200~GeV and for Pb+Pb
collisions at 2.76 TeV are presented and compared with available experimental
data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron
Collider (LHC).Comment: 6 pages, 4 Figure
Cohesive Energies and other Properties of Ionic Crystals—I. Alkali Halides
The lattice energies and other properties of ionic crystals have been
studied on the basis of a Lennard-Jones (12 : 6) potential form and the necessary equations derived. Experimental data for the inter ionic distances and lattice energies for such crystal have been used to give the values of the repulsive force parameter B and the van der Waals Parameter C, which in turn have been utilized to obtain lattice energies, compress abilities
and the coefficient of linear expansion. Satisfactory agreement is found between the experimental values and those calculated theoretically
The nuclear shell effects near the r-process path in the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory
We have investigated the evolution of the shell structure of nuclei in going
from the r-process path to the neutron drip line within the framework of the
Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) theory. By introducing the quartic
self-coupling of meson in the RHB theory in addition to the non-linear
scalar coupling of meson, we reproduce the available data on the shell
effects about the waiting-point nucleus Zn. With this approach, it is
shown that the shell effects at N=82 in the inaccessible region of the
r-process path become milder as compared to the Lagrangian with the scalar
self-coupling only. However, the shell effects remain stronger as compared to
the quenching exhibited by the HFB+SkP approach. It is also shown that in
reaching out to the extreme point at the neutron drip line, a terminal
situation arises where the shell structure at the magic number is washed out
significantly.Comment: 18 pages (revtex), 8 ps figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Background: To study testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus in age group of 30-50 years.Methods: In this cross sectional study of 193 type 2 diabetes men aged between 30-50 years, total and free testosterone levels were calculated along with other relevant clinical variables like hypertension, BMI, dyslipidemia, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy.Results: The study group had study out of 193 patients 34.7% have low total testosterone levels, 29.53% have low free testosterone levels and 23.3% have both low and free testosterone levels. Maximum number of patients with low total testosterone levels were in the age group between 46-50 years (41.0%) and with low free total testosterone levels were in the age group between 36-40 years (41.8%).Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with low levels of total and free testosterone. Obesity and dyslipidemia are also associated with low testosterone levels
Shell Effects in Nuclei with Vector Self-Coupling of Omega Meson in Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov Theory
Shell effects in nuclei about the stability line are investigated within the
framework of the Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) theory with
self-consistent finite-range pairing. Using 2-neutron separation energies of Ni
and Sn isotopes, the role of - and -meson couplings on the
shell effects in nuclei is examined. It is observed that the existing
successful nuclear forces (Lagrangian parameter sets) based upon the nonlinear
scalar coupling of -meson exhibit shell effects which are stronger than
suggested by the experimental data. We have introduced nonlinear vector
self-coupling of -meson in the RHB theory. It is shown that the
inclusion of the vector self-coupling of -meson in addition to the
nonlinear scalar coupling of -meson provides a good agreement with the
experimental data on shell effects in nuclei about the stability line. A
comparison of the shell effects in the RHB theory is made with the Hartree-Fock
Bogoliubov approach using the Skyrme force SkP. It is shown that the
oft-discussed shell quenching with SkP is not consistent with the available
experimental data.Comment: 34 pages latex, 18 ps figures, replaced with minor corrections in
some figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Frequency of \u3b2-thalassemia trait and other hemoglobinopathies in northern and western India
Introduction : India is an ethnically diverse country with an
approximate population of 1.2 billion. The frequency of
beta-thalassemia trait (\u3b2TT) has variously been reported from <
1% to 17% and an average of 3.3%. Most of these studies have been
carried out on small population groups and some have been based on
hospital-based patients. There is also a variation in the prevalence of
hemoglobinopathies in different regions and population groups in the
country. A high frequency of Hb D has been reported from the North in
the Punjabi population, Hb E in the eastern region of India and Hb S is
mainly reported from populations of tribal origin from different parts
of the country. Objectives: To study the gene frequency of \u3b2TT
and other hemoglobinopathies in three regions East (Kolkata), West
(Mumbai) and North (Delhi) in larghe population group (schoolchildren)
for a more accurate assessment of gene frequency for planning of
control programmes for haemoglobinopathies. Materials and Methods:
This study included 5408 children from 11 schools in Delhi, 5682 from
75 schools in Mumbai and 957 schoolchildren from Kolkata who were
screened for \u3b2TT and haemoglobinopathies. These included 5684
children from 75 schools in Mumbai and 5408 children from 11 schools in
Delhi. Children were 11-18 years of age of both sexes. The final report
is, however, only on 11090 schoolchildren from Mumbai and Delhi as data
from Kolkata was restricted both in numbers and objectives and could
not be included for comparison. Results: The overall gene frequency of
\u3b2TT in Mumbai and Delhi was 4.05% being 2.68% and 5.47% in
children of the two cities respectively. In Mumbai, the gene frequency
was evenly distributed. Majority of the children with \u3b2TT from
Mumbai were from Marathi (38.9%) and Gujarati (25%) speaking groups.
Gene frequency was> 5% in Bhatias, Khatris, Lohanas and Schedule
Castes. In Delhi, a higher incidence was observed in schoolchildren of
North and West Delhi (5.8-9.2%). The schoolchildren of North and West
Delhi comprised predominantly of Punjabi origin compared to children in
the South of the city (2.2%, 2.3%). When analyzed state-wise, the
highest incidence was observed in children of Punjabi origin (7.6%) and
was> 4% from several other states. Majority of the traits from
Mumbai were anemic (95.1% male and 85.6% in female). The prevalence of
anemia was lower (62.7% male and 58.4% female) children with \u3b2TT
from Delhi. This was a reflection of the higher prevalence of anemia in
children without hemoglobinopathy in Mumbai than in Delhi. Nutritional
deficiency was probably more severe and rampant in children Mumbai.
Gene frequency of Hb D was greater in schoolchildren from Delhi (1.1%)
than in Mumbai (0.7%). Hb S trait (0.2%) was observed exclusively in
children from Mumbai. A low incidence of Hb E trait (0.04%) was seen in
children in Mumbai. A higher incidence is reported from the East. The
number of cases studied from the eastern region was small as the data
from the East (Kolkata) could not be included in the analysis.
Conclusion: This study comprises a larger number of children studied
for the gene frequency of \u3b2TT and other hemoglobinopathies from
India. Population groups with higher gene frequencies require screening
programmes and facilities for antenatal diagnosis as well as increased
awareness and educational programmes to control the birth of
thalassemic homozygotes. The overall carrier frequency of \u3b2TT was
4.05% and reinforces the differential frequency of \u3b2-thalassemia
trait in schoolchildren from Delhi and Mumbai and the higher incidence
of hemoglobin D in Punjabis as reported previously. The birth incidence
calculated thereof for homozygous thalassemics would be 11,316 per year
which are added each year to the existing load of homozygous
thalassemics. This is much higher than the previously reported number
of births annually. Hence suitable control measures need to be
undertaken urgently in India
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