CEOs e Composição do Conselho de Administração: a Falta de Identificação Pode Ser Motivo para Existência de Teto de Vidro para Mulheres no Brasil?

The significant growth of female labor market participation did not resolve the gender-related differences concerning wages and promotion. According to the family division of work theory, a comparative advantage between the couple would determine the home and market division of work (Becker, 1965). The wage gap and promotion rates differential could imply less investment by women in their professional background. In the present work, we use a unique dataset of 370 companies that enable the testing of the glass ceiling phenomenon for women in Brazil. Using the empirical probit methodology that enables a qualitative binary analysis of the major occupation of men or women in the companies, the main conclusion of this study is related to the complexity of female promotion if there is a Board of Administration at the company level. Following the analysis of Westphal and Fredrickson (2001), our results show that the Board usually chooses a CEO that better represents its own profile and, being mostly composed of males, there is greater resistance to female promotion

Occupational segregation and the gender wage gap in Brazil: an empirical analysis

Several countries experienced an increase in female labor participation during the twentieth century. Even so, few can be proud of the conditions female workers faced. This paper analyzes the occupational distribution by gender from 1978 to in 2007 in Brazil. It shows that women have penetrated traditionally male occupations to a certain extent, but that traditionally female occupations have maintained their gender composition over the past 30 years. We also provide a regression analysis with an Oaxaca decomposition that shows that the gender wage gap is lower than in 1978, but that it has remained constant over the last decade

New evidence on the determinants of the gap between child support awards and child support receipts

Cientistas sociais e planejadores de políticas públicas documentaram mudanças bastante significativas na estrutura familiar nos Estados Unidos nas últimas três décadas. Neste artigo, analisamos o grau de cumprimento de ordens de pensão alimentícia para crianças - significando a diferença entre o valor estipulado e o valor efetivamente pago - usando a base de dados da SIPP de 1990-1993. Exploramos os fatores que determinam a existência do gap, bem como sua dimensão, usando um modelo probit. Os resultados sugerem que tanto a existência quanto a magnitude, o gap, são positivamente influenciadas pelo tipo de acordo firmado entre os pais da criança.Social scientists and policymakers have documented dramatic changes in the structure of US families over the past decades. In this paper, I analyze the child support compliance gap- the difference between expected payments and received child support payments- using a unique data set from the 1990-1993 SIPP on child support agreements. I explore the factors that determine the existence and the magnitude of a gap in payments using a probit model and regression analysis. Results suggest that both the existence of and magnitude of the child support gap are positively influenced by non-voluntary agreements received by the custodial parent

CEO Pay-for-Performance Heterogeneity Using Quantile Regression (CRI 2009-002)

We provide some examples of how quantile regression can be used to investigate heterogeneity in pay–firm size and pay-performance relationships for U.S. CEOs. For example, do conditionally (predicted) high-wage managers have a stronger relationship between pay and performance than conditionally low-wage managers? Our results using data over a decade show, for some standard specifications, there is considerable heterogeneity in the returns to firm performance across the conditional distribution of wages. Quantile regression adds substantially to our understanding of the pay-performance relationship. This heterogeneity is masked when using more standard empirical techniques

The impact of civil status on women’s wages in Brazil

Consensual union, also known as cohabitation, has become more frequent in recent decades in Brazil and many other countries. In this context, some studies have analyzed the impact of marriage on women’s wages. This article analyzes the effects of marital status on Brazilian women’s wages by specifically investigating the individual characteristics of these effects using data from the 2000 Brazilian Census Database. This study concludes that wages differ by up to 15 per cent between married and single women and up to 3 per cent between married and cohabiting women.A união consensual, também conhecida como coabitação, é um fenômeno que tem sido cada vez mais frequente nas últimas décadas, não somente no Brasil, mas também nos mais diversos países. Ao mesmo tempo, surgiram estudos sobre o impacto do casamento no salário das mulheres. O presente artigo analisa o efeito do estado civil nos salários das mulheres que residem no Brasil. Para tanto, esse estudo utiliza as características individuais para a análise dos efeitos colhidas através do Censo Brasileiro realizado em 2000. As conclusões mostram que existe diferença salarial de até 15% entre mulheres casadas e solteiras e essa diferença é de até 3% entre mulheres casadas e coabitantes