Közvetlen értékesítés a zöldség-gyümölcs termelÅ‘k körében

A mezÅ‘gazdasági termelÅ‘k körében végzett egyéni interjúkra alapozott kutatás alapján megállapítható, hogy ugyan a közvetlen értékesítést különbözÅ‘ tényezÅ‘k befolyásolják, de termelés- és munkaszervezésük hasonlóságokat mutat, ami a közvetlen értékesítés munkaerÅ‘-szükségletébÅ‘l adódik, ami egyrészt a minÅ‘ségi termék-előállításból, másrészt az értékesítés szervezési feladatainak többlet idÅ‘ráfordításából ered. Az üzemek jellemzÅ‘je továbbá a viszonylag kis méret, a saját földtulajdonra és családi munkaerÅ‘re alapozott munkavégzés, valamint a tudatos, piaci igényeket figyelembe vevÅ‘ termelési szerkezet. A közvetlen értékesítést más értékesítési megoldások mellett alkalmazó gazdaságokban ez a több lábon állást, az értékesítés biztonságát, valamint a magasabb árak elérését szolgálja. ---------------------------------- Research through individual interviews conducted among agricultural producers leads us to conclude that farms involved in direct sales possess special production and work organisation characteristics in their agricultural businesses. Their choice of sales channel is influenced by diverse factors and producers are driven by different motivators in choosing this sales method. However, farms with farmers market show similarities in terms of production and work organization, deriving from the high labour force demand of direct sales caused partly by the quality and variety of products and partly by the extra time that is necessary for organizing direct sales. Farms employing direct sales as a main sales channel are also characterised by a relatively small size. They mostly farm their own land and their activity is based on family work force. Moreover, they usually create a product range consciously to cater to the demands of their stable consumer base. Farms employing direct market sales as a secondary sales channel regard it as a way of providing more than one source of income. They use this channel to achieve greater security of their sales activities as well as higher sales price compared to the prices of mass distribution channels.közvetlen értékesítés, zöldség-gyümölcs piac, piac, értékesítési csatorna, direct sales, fruit and vegetable market, market, choice of channel, Agribusiness, Consumer/Household Economics, Marketing,

Glükózterhelés a peritonealis dialízisben: Újabb elméleti megfontolások

The significance of peritoneal dialysis in kidney replacement therapy is expected to increase, so it is important to reconsider glucose exposure to minimize the adverse effects. The first step was to develop biocompatible modern PD solutions to reduce the local and systemic adverse effects of current conventional glucose-based ones. According to the limited clinical experience, there are no clear data on better clinical outcome. Besides this there is a suspected theoretical correlation between development of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and chronic local irritation of peritoneal surface by glucose. The degree of actual systemic glycemic load can be evaluated by continuous tissue glucose monitoring, and cumulative damage can be measured by skin autofluorescence, however none of the methods have been extensively used in clinical practice. The early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is therefore of also paramount importance. Selecting the therapeutic steps including diabetological aspects, we must constantly strive to improve the life quality. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(43): 1708-1714

Before the war : Russia's economic indicators and trade with EU

The data in this infographic illustrate the extent of trade between the EU and Russia in the years up to the latter launching its war on Ukraine, as well as the state of Russia’s economy more generally in the same period. This is an update of an infographic originally drafted by Martin Russell and Giulio Sabbati in May 2016

Japan : economic indicators and trade with EU

The economies of Japan and of the EU followed similar trends in 2020, a year marked by the Covid-19 pandemic. Both economies faced shrinking GDP, growing unemployment, rising public debt, while inflation stayed moderate and the exchange rate remained stable. Although there was a fallback in trade between the two blocks, the EU ranked as third on the list of top trade partners of Japan (trade in goods), while the latter was the seventh biggest trade partner of the EU. Mechanical appliances and electrical equipment constitute the main export and import products, followed by vehicles and aircraft

Chile : economic indicators and trade with EU

Trade relations between the EU and Chile are imbalanced not only in terms of trends in export and import of goods, but also in the diversity of trade products and in their ranking in the list of main trade partners. The EU was Chile's third biggest trade partner in 2021, with a 10,4 % share in Chile's trade with the world. Germany, Spain and the Netherlands are leading the list of Chile's top EU trade partners

Gulf region : economic indicators and trade with EU

This infographic examines some economic differences and similarities among countries of the Gulf region and the EU, like GDP growth, GDP per capita and female labour force participation rate. In terms of trade, the Gulf region stands already as an important source of oil and gas for the EU, these products contributing almost two-third of total imports of the latter from the Gulf region

US: economic indicators and trade with EU

This infographic provides an insight into the economic performance of the United States (US) compared with the European Union (EU), and looks at the trade dynamics between them. The US unemployment rate rose substantially in 2009 following the financial crisis. This was followed by a steady fall in unemployment from 2010 onwards, with the exception of the COVID-19 years (2020 and 2021) when a new steep increase was recorded. Both foreign direct investment (FDI) and remittances remained relatively low and stable between 2007 and 2022, accounting for only a small share of US gross domestic product, while the EU’s FDI has fluctuated, and its inward remittances have gradually increased. The EU’s trade with the US has shown a generally upward trend, with a sharp increase after the 2020 global economic slowdown

A Phase 3b Study for Management of Ocular Side Effects in Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Amplified Glioblastoma Receiving Depatuxizumab Mafodotin

INTRODUCTION: The Understanding New Interventions with GBM ThErapy (UNITE) study was designed to assess the effect of prophylaxis for ocular side effects (OSEs) in patients with glioblastoma receiving the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) depatuxizumab mafodotin. UNITE (NCT03419403) was a phase 3b, open-label, randomized, exploratory study performed at 18 research sites in 5 countries. METHODS: The study enrolled adult patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-amplified, histologically confirmed, newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma or grade IV gliosarcoma, and a Karnofsky Performance Status ≥70, receiving depatuxizumab mafodotin. All patients were administered depatuxizumab mafodotin during concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide and with adjuvant temozolomide. Ninety patients were to be randomized (1:1:1) to OSE prophylactic treatments with each depatuxizumab mafodotin infusion: (a) standard steroid eye drops, (b) standard steroid eye drops plus vasoconstrictor eye drops and cold compress, or (c) enhanced steroids plus vasoconstrictor eye drops and cold compress. A Corneal Epitheliopathy Adverse Event (CEAE) scale was devised to capture symptoms, grade OSEs (scale of 0-5), and inform ADC dose modifications. The primary endpoint was the frequency of a required change in OSE management due to inadequate control of OSEs, defined as decline from baseline in visual acuity (using logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [LogMAR] scale) or a Grade ≥3 CEAE event, in the worst eye in the first 8 weeks of treatment; unless otherwise specified, the treatment period refers to both the chemoradiation and adjuvant phases. RESULTS: The UNITE study was stopped early after interim analysis of separate phase III trial showed no difference in survival from depatuxizumab mafodotin. Forty patients were randomized (38 received depatuxizumab mafodotin). Overall, 23 patients experienced inadequate control of OSEs that required change in OSE management within 8 weeks of treatment, with 21 (70.0%) experiencing ≥+0.3 change on LogMAR scale in baseline-adjusted visual acuity and 12 reporting a grade ≥3 CEAE. There were no definitive differences among prophylactic treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The premature cessation of the study precludes definitive conclusions regarding the OSE prophylaxis strategies. No new clinically significant safety findings were noted. Despite these limitations, this study highlights the need for novel assessment tools to better understand and mitigate OSEs associated with ADCs

The Nab Experiment: A Precision Measurement of Unpolarized Neutron Beta Decay

Neutron beta decay is one of the most fundamental processes in nuclear physics and provides sensitive means to uncover the details of the weak interaction. Neutron beta decay can evaluate the ratio of axial-vector to vector coupling constants in the standard model, $\lambda = g_A / g_V$, through multiple decay correlations. The Nab experiment will carry out measurements of the electron-neutrino correlation parameter $a$ with a precision of $\delta a / a = 10^{-3}$ and the Fierz interference term $b$ to $\delta b = 3\times10^{-3}$ in unpolarized free neutron beta decay. These results, along with a more precise measurement of the neutron lifetime, aim to deliver an independent determination of the ratio $\lambda$ with a precision of $\delta \lambda / \lambda = 0.03\%$ that will allow an evaluation of $V_{ud}$ and sensitively test CKM unitarity, independent of nuclear models. Nab utilizes a novel, long asymmetric spectrometer that guides the decay electron and proton to two large area silicon detectors in order to precisely determine the electron energy and an estimation of the proton momentum from the proton time of flight. The Nab spectrometer is being commissioned at the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Lab. We present an overview of the Nab experiment and recent updates on the spectrometer, analysis, and systematic effects.Comment: Presented at PPNS201