Facies Relationships Within the Glens Falls Limestone of Vermont and New York

Guidebook for field trips in Vermont: New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, 79th annual meeting, October 16, 17 and 18, 1987: Trips A-

Administering the Auditory Comprehension Test to a group of learning disabled subjects

This study attempted to replicate the finding by Green and Josey (1988) in some groups of learning disabled children of better comprehension of spoken language in one single ear (monaural condition) than in both ears together (binaural condition). The Auditory Comprehension Test (ACT) which is designed specifically to measure this "binaural deficit" was administered to 36 learning disabled children, from which a subgroup of learning disabled subjects judged by teachers to have prominent difficulty comprehending everyday speech was later selected, and a control group of 36 non-learning disabled children individually matched for age, sex, and IQ with the learning disabled children. The ACT involves presenting short news item-style stories via headphones to either ear alone, or both ears simultaneously. After each story the subject repeats as much of the story as s/he can remember. The resulting three scores (left ear, right ear, and both ears simultaneously) are compared to determine if listening with either single ear produces better comprehension than listening with both ears together (i.e. to see if a binaural deficit exists). Comparisons between the control and learning disabled groups revealed significant differences in the direction of (1) higher average test scores for the control group, and (2) higher overall binaural deficits for the learning disabled group, as well as a larger number of subjects in the learning disabled group having a binaural deficit. The control group also performed significantly poorer in the binaural condition than in either single ear alone, indicating a possible bias in the ACT itself, and/or a possible selection bias. The test bias points to the need for revisions to the ACT in its application to children

PhosCalc: A tool for evaluating the sites of peptide phosphorylation from Mass Spectrometer data

© 2008 MacLean et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

No evidence for distinct types in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2

A recent study by Tang et al. claimed that two major types of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) had evolved in the ongoing CoV disease-2019 pandemic and that one of these types was more ‘aggressive’ than the other. Given the repercussions of these claims and the intense media coverage of these types of articles, we have examined in detail the data presented by Tang et al., and show that the major conclusions of that paper cannot be substantiated. Using examples from other viral outbreaks, we discuss the difficulty in demonstrating the existence or nature of a functional effect of a viral mutation, and we advise against overinterpretation of genomic data during the pandemic

Using false discovery rates to benchmark SNP-callers in next-generation sequencing projects

Funding: R.A.F. was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). D.A.H. and M.C.F. were supported by the Wellcome Trust. No additional external funding received for this study.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Neurophysiology of Functionally Meaningful Categories: Macaque Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Plays a Critical Role in Spontaneous Categorization of Species-Specific Vocalizations

Neurophysiological studies in nonhuman primates have demonstrated that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in the acquisition of learned categories following training. What is presently unclear is whether this cortical area also plays a role in spontaneous recognition and discrimination of natural categories. Here, we explore this possibility by recording from neurons in the PFC while rhesus listen to species-specific vocalizations that vary in terms of their social function and acoustic morphology. We found that ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) activity, on average, did not differentiate between food calls that were associated with the same functional category, despite having different acoustic properties. In contrast, vPFC activity differentiated between food calls associated with different functional classes and specifically, information about the quality and motivational value of the food. These results suggest that the vPFC is involved in the categorization of socially meaningful signals, thereby both extending its previously conceived role in the acquisition of learned categories and showing the significance of using natural categorical distinctions in the study of neural mechanisms.Psycholog

Choosing a Data Model and Query Language for Provenance

The ancestry relationships found in provenance form a directed graph. Many provenance queries require traversal of this graph. The data and query models for provenance should directly and naturally address this graph-centric nature of provenance. To that end, we set out the requirements for a provenance data and query model and discuss why the common solutions (relational, XML, RDF) fall short. A semistructured data model is more suited for handling provenance. We propose a query model based on the Lorel query language, and briefly describe how our query language PQL extends Lorel.Engineering and Applied Science

Layering in Provenance Systems

Digital provenance describes the ancestry or history of a digital object. Most existing provenance systems, however, operate at only one level of abstraction: the sys- tem call layer, a workflow specification, or the high-level constructs of a particular application. The provenance collectable in each of these layers is different, and all of it can be important. Single-layer systems fail to account for the different levels of abstraction at which users need to reason about their data and processes. These systems cannot integrate data provenance across layers and cannot answer questions that require an integrated view of the provenance. We have designed a provenance collection structure facilitating the integration of provenance across multiple levels of abstraction, including a workflow engine, a web browser, and an initial runtime Python provenance tracking wrapper. We layer these components atop provenance-aware network storage (NFS) that builds upon a Provenance-Aware Storage System (PASS). We discuss the challenges of building systems that integrate provenance across multiple layers of abstraction, present how we augmented systems in each layer to integrate provenance, and present use cases that demonstrate how provenance spanning multiple layers provides functionality not available in existing systems. Our evaluation shows that the overheads imposed by layering provenance systems are reasonable.Engineering and Applied Science