300 research outputs found
The quantitative analysis of climate in relation to insect abundance
(1). All natural complexes are related, directly or
indirectly, through climate. The importance of
quantitative methods of evaluating the role of
various climatic factors is, therefore, apparent.(2). In addition to a pronounced seasonal rhythm in
abundance, plagues and dearths of insects come and
go with considerable regularity, when viewed over a
series of years. The most important period is one
of approximately eleven years, with a tendency to
mass periodicity during the years closely following
the epoch of sunspot-minima.(3). Insect -populations are controlled by a complex of
continually varying environmental factors, of which
the climatic ones assume the dominant r6le in the
causation (but not always the termination) of insect -
outbreaks.(4). There are great differences in the relative
susceptibility of the different phases of the life-cycle to environmental conditions, so that critical
periods can be recognised. As the latter are
usually restricted to a few days or weeks associated
with reproduction or the early stages of existence,
and the damage is caused by a more mature stage,
the weather during the critical periods has a high
predictive value.(5). Insect-outbreaks result from an unusual combination
of circumstances during a particular period. These
'optimum' conditions are widely separated in space
and time, so that the environment normally imposes
control, and outbreaks mean escape from control - an
abnormal phenomenon.(6). In addition to the academic interest of the results,
particularly in relation to the equilibrium of
Nature, it is believed that they may have considerable
economic value, by providing a scientific
basis for the prediction of outbreaks
Torsion functors with monomial support
The dependence of torsion functors on their supporting ideals is
investigated, especially in the case of monomial ideals of certain subrings of
polynomial algebras over not necessarily Noetherian rings. As an application it
is shown how flatness of quasicoherent sheaves on toric schemes is related to
graded local cohomology.Comment: updated reference
Euler characteristic of coherent sheaves on simplicial torics via the Stanley-Reisner ring
We combine work of Cox on the total coordinate ring of a toric variety and
results of Eisenbud-Mustata-Stillman and Mustata on cohomology of toric and
monomial ideals to obtain a formula for computing the Euler characteristic of a
Weil divisor D on a complete simplicial toric variety in terms of graded pieces
of the Cox ring and Stanley-Reisner ring. The main point is to use Alexander
duality to pass from the toric irrelevant ideal, which appears in the
computation of the Euler characteristic of D, to the Stanley-Reisner ideal of
the fan, which is used in defining the Chow ring. The formula also follows from
work of Maclagan-Smith.Comment: 9 pages 1 figur
Multigraded Castelnuovo-Mumford Regularity
We develop a multigraded variant of Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity. Motivated
by toric geometry, we work with modules over a polynomial ring graded by a
finitely generated abelian group. As in the standard graded case, our
definition of multigraded regularity involves the vanishing of graded
components of local cohomology. We establish the key properties of regularity:
its connection with the minimal generators of a module and its behavior in
exact sequences. For an ideal sheaf on a simplicial toric variety X, we prove
that its multigraded regularity bounds the equations that cut out the
associated subvariety. We also provide a criterion for testing if an ample line
bundle on X gives a projectively normal embedding.Comment: 30 pages, 5 figure
Segre Classes on Smooth Projective Toric Varieties
We provide a generalization of the algorithm of Eklund-Jost-Peterson for
computing Segre classes of closed subschemes of projective k-space. The
algorithm is here generalized to computing the Segre classes of closed
subschemes of smooth projective toric varieties.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figure, added references, corrected typos, minor text
replacement
Pruning Algorithms for Pretropisms of Newton Polytopes
Pretropisms are candidates for the leading exponents of Puiseux series that
represent solutions of polynomial systems. To find pretropisms, we propose an
exact gift wrapping algorithm to prune the tree of edges of a tuple of Newton
polytopes. We prefer exact arithmetic not only because of the exact input and
the degrees of the output, but because of the often unpredictable growth of the
coordinates in the face normals, even for polytopes in generic position. We
provide experimental results with our preliminary implementation in Sage that
compare favorably with the pruning method that relies only on cone
intersections.Comment: exact, gift wrapping, Newton polytope, pretropism, tree pruning,
accepted for presentation at Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing, CASC
201
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of early screening for pre-eclampsia by NICE guidelines and a method combining maternal factors and biomarkers: results of SPREE
Objective To test the hypothesis that the performance of first-trimester screening for pre-eclampsia (PE) by a method that uses Bayesâ theorem to combine maternal factors with biomarkers is superior to that defined by current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines.
Methods This was a prospective multicenter study (screening program for pre-eclampsia (SPREE)) in seven National Health Service maternity hospitals in England, of women recruited between April and December 2016. Singleton pregnancies at 11â13weeksâ gestation had recording of maternal characteristics and medical history and measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). The performance of screening for PE by the Bayesâ theorem-based method was compared with that of the NICE method. Primary comparison was detection rate (DR) using NICE method vs mini-combined test (maternal factors, MAP and PAPP-A) in the prediction of PE at any gestational age (all-PE) for the same screen-positive rate determined by the NICE method. Key secondary comparisons were DR of screening recommended by the NICE guidelines vs three Bayesâ theorem-based methods (maternal factors, MAP and PAPP-A; maternal factors, MAP and PlGF; and maternal factors, MAP, UtA-PI and PlGF) in the prediction of preterm PE, defined as that requiring delivery <37 weeks.
Results All-PE developed in 473 (2.8%) of the 16 747 pregnancies and preterm PE developed in 142 (0.8%). The screen-positive rate by the NICE method was 10.3% and the DR for all-PE was 30.4% and for preterm PE it was 40.8%. Compliance with the NICE recommendation that women at high risk for PE should be treated with aspirin from the first trimester to the end of pregnancy was only 23%. The DR of the mini-combined test for all-PE was 42.5%, which was superior to that of the NICE method by 12.1% (95% CI, 7.9â16.2%). In screening for preterm PE by a combination of maternal factors, MAP and PlGF, the DR was 69.0%, which was superior to that of the NICE method by 28.2% (95% CI, 19.4â37.0%) and with the addition of UtA-PI the DR was 82.4%, which was higher than that of the NICE method by 41.6% (95% CI, 33.2â49.9%).
Conclusions The performance of screening for PE as currently recommended by NICE guidelines is poor and compliance with these guidelines is low. The performance of screening is substantially improved by a method combining maternal factors with biomarkers
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