3,855 research outputs found
On the road to Enlighten-ment: establishing an institutional repository service for the University of Glasgow
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to chart the development and growth of open access and institutional repositories at the University of Glasgow, Scotland from initial work in 2001 to the University's recently launched service, Enlighten. The University of Glasgow is a signatory to the Scottish Open Access Declaration and recently released a statement on Open Access.<p></p>
Design/methodology/approach – The study will focus on the key lessons learned through a twin track approach of advocacy and service development during the DAEDALUS Project (2002-2005) and the transition of that work to a University service called Enlighten. This service includes a repository for published and peer-reviewed papers which has now had over 2 million hits and over 270,000 PDF downloads since it was established in February 2004.<p></p>
Findings – The paper reveals the lessons learned by the Library and the project team. It also identifies the range of issues which must be addressed in the successful implementation of a repository and its transition to a production service. These include the development of content policies, copyright clearance and the cultural change necessary to populate a repository service. These challenges have and continue to be addressed by the repository team at the University of Glasgow.<p></p>
Originality/value – This paper provides details of the lessons learned in the practical experience of setting up an institutional repository and ensuring its transition to a full and supported University service. It will be of particular interest to institutions implementing a repository or running a pilot service.<p></p>
Children's Counterfactual Reasoning About Causally Overdetermined Events
In two experiments, one hundred and sixty-two 6- to 8-year-olds were asked to reason counterfactually about events with different causal structures. All events involved overdetermined outcomes in which two different causal events led to the same outcome. In Experiment 1, children heard stories with either an ambiguous causal relation between events or causally unrelated events. Children in the causally unrelated version performed better than chance and better than those in the ambiguous condition. In Experiment 2, children heard stories in which antecedent events were causally connected or causally disconnected. Eight-year-olds performed above chance in both conditions, whereas 6-year-olds performed above chance only in the connected condition. This work provides the first evidence that children can reason counterfactually in causally overdetermined contexts by age 8. © 2017 The Authors. Child Development © 2017 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc
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Synthetic peripherally-restricted cannabinoid suppresses chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy pain symptoms by CB1 receptor activation.
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a severe and dose-limiting side effect of cancer treatment that affects millions of cancer survivors throughout the world and current treatment options are extremely limited by their side effects. Cannabinoids are highly effective in suppressing pain symptoms of chemotherapy-induced and other peripheral neuropathies but their widespread use is limited by central nervous system (CNS)-mediated side effects. Here, we tested one compound from a series of recently developed synthetic peripherally restricted cannabinoids (PRCBs) in a rat model of cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Results show that local or systemic administration of 4-{2-[-(1E)-1[(4-propylnaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]-1H-inden-3-yl]ethyl}morpholine (PrNMI) dose-dependently suppressed CIPN mechanical and cold allodynia. Orally administered PrNMI also dose-dependently suppressed CIPN allodynia symptoms in both male and female rats without any CNS side effects. Co-administration with selective cannabinoid receptor subtype blockers revealed that PrNMI's anti-allodynic effects are mediated by CB1 receptor (CB1R) activation. Expression of CB2Rs was reduced in dorsal root ganglia from CIPN rats, whereas expression of CB1Rs and various endocannabinoid synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes was unaffected. Daily PrNMI treatment of CIPN rats for two weeks showed a lack of appreciable tolerance to PrNMI's anti-allodynic effects. In an operant task which reflects cerebral processing of pain, PrNMI also dose-dependently suppressed CIPN pain behaviors. Our results demonstrate that PRCBs exemplified by PrNMI may represent a viable option for the treatment of CIPN pain symptoms
Seasonal changes of ice surface characteristics and productivity in the ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Field and remote sensing observations in the ablation zone of the Greenland
Ice Sheet have revealed a diverse range of ice surface characteristics,
primarily reflecting the variable distribution of fine debris (cryoconite).
This debris reduces the surface albedo and is therefore an important control
on melt rates and ice sheet mass balance. Meanwhile, studies of ice sheet
surface biological processes have found active microbial communities
associated with the cryoconite debris, which may themselves modify the
cryoconite distribution. Due to the considerable difficulties involved with
collecting ground-based observations of the ice surface, our knowledge of
the physical and biological surface processes, and their links, remains very
limited. Here we present data collected at a field camp established in the
ice sheet ablation zone at 67° N, occupied for almost the entire
melt season (26 May–10 August 2012), with the aim of gaining a much more
detailed understanding of the physical and biological processes occurring on
the ice surface. These data sets include quadrat surveys of surface type,
measurements of ice surface ablation, and in situ biological oxygen demand
incubations to quantify microbial activity. In addition, albedo at the site
was retrieved from AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) remote sensing data. Observations of the areal
coverage of different surface types revealed a rapid change from complete
snow cover to the "summer" (summer study period) ice surface of patchy debris ("dirty ice") and
cryoconite holes. There was significant correlation between surface albedo,
cryoconite hole coverage and surface productivity during the melt season,
but microbial activity in "dirty ice" was not correlated with albedo and
varied widely throughout the season. While this link suggests the potential
for a remote-sensing approach to monitoring cryoconite hole biological
processes, very wide seasonal and spatial variability in net surface
productivity demonstrates the need for caution when extrapolating point
measurements of biological processes to larger temporal or spatial scales
Feshbach resonances and collapsing Bose-Einstein condensates
We investigate the quantum state of burst atoms seen in the recent Rb-85
experiments at JILA. We show that the presence of a resonance scattering state
can lead to a pairing instability generating an outflow of atoms with energy
comparable to that observed. A resonance effective field theory is used to
study this dynamical process in an inhomogeneous system with spherical
symmetry
Influence of Vertical Ground Motions on the Seismic Fragility Modeling of a Bridge-Soil-Foundation System
This paper explores the effects of vertical ground motions (VGMs) on the
component fragility of a coupled bridged-soil-foundation (CBSF) system with
liquefaction potential, and highlights the unique considerations on the demand
and capacity model required for fragility analysis under VGMs. Optimal intensity
measures (IMs) that account for VGMs are identified. Moreover, fragility curves
that consider capacity change with fluctuating axial force are derived. Results
show that the presence of VGMs has a minor effect on the failure probabilities
of piles and expansion bearings, while it has a great influence on fixed bearings.
Whether VGMs have an impact on column fragilities depends on the design axial
load ratio. Finally, more accurate fragility surfaces are derived, which are compared
with results of conventional fragility curves. This study highlights the
important role that VGMs play in the selection of optimal IMs, and the capacity
and fragility representation of certain components of CBSF systems
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