4,020 research outputs found
U-duality in three and four dimensions
Using generalised geometry we study the action of U-duality acting in three
and four dimensions on the bosonic fields of eleven dimensional supergravity.
We compare the U-duality symmetry with the T-duality symmetry of double field
theory and see how the and SL(5) U-duality groups reduce
to the SO(2,2) and SO(3,3) T-duality symmetry groups of the type IIA theory. As
examples we dualise M2-branes, both black and extreme. We find that uncharged
black M2-branes become charged under U-duality, generalising the Harrison
transformation, while extreme M2-branes will become new extreme M2-branes. The
resulting tension and charges are quantised appropriately if we use the
discrete U-duality group .Comment: v1: 35 pages; v2: minor corrections in section 4.1.2, many references
added; v3: further discussion added on the conformal factor of the
generalised metric in section 2 and on the Wick-rotation used to construct
examples in section
On the Exponentials of Some Structured Matrices
In this note explicit algorithms for calculating the exponentials of
important structured 4 x 4 matrices are provided. These lead to closed form
formulae for these exponentials. The techniques rely on one particular Clifford
Algebra isomorphism and basic Lie theory. When used in conjunction with
structure preserving similarities, such as Givens rotations, these techniques
extend to dimensions bigger than four.Comment: 19 page
The Pain of Performative Professionalism: Emotionally Embodying Business as Usual
This essay is the personal and professional perspective of the National Communication Association Organizational Communication Division's awards chair during the 2019 convention. It explores issues of emotion, work, professionalism, silence, embodiment, symbolic violence, and intersectional precarity from the vantage point of an outsider within the academy and the discipline of communication studies
Asymmetric supernova remnants generated by Galactic, massive runaway stars
After the death of a runaway massive star, its supernova shock wave interacts
with the bow shocks produced by its defunct progenitor, and may lose energy,
momentum, and its spherical symmetry before expanding into the local
interstellar medium (ISM). We investigate whether the initial mass and space
velocity of these progenitors can be associated with asymmetric supernova
remnants. We run hydrodynamical models of supernovae exploding in the
pre-shaped medium of moving Galactic core-collapse progenitors. We find that
bow shocks that accumulate more than about 1.5 Mo generate asymmetric remnants.
The shock wave first collides with these bow shocks 160-750 yr after the
supernova, and the collision lasts until 830-4900 yr. The shock wave is then
located 1.35-5 pc from the center of the explosion, and it expands freely into
the ISM, whereas in the opposite direction it is channelled into the region of
undisturbed wind material. This applies to an initially 20 Mo progenitor moving
with velocity 20 km/s and to our initially 40 Mo progenitor. These remnants
generate mixing of ISM gas, stellar wind and supernova ejecta that is
particularly important upstream from the center of the explosion. Their
lightcurves are dominated by emission from optically-thin cooling and by X-ray
emission of the shocked ISM gas. We find that these remnants are likely to be
observed in the [OIII] lambda 5007 spectral line emission or in the soft
energy-band of X-rays. Finally, we discuss our results in the context of
observed Galactic supernova remnants such as 3C391 and the Cygnus Loop.Comment: 21 pages, 16 figure
What measurable zero point fluctuations can(not) tell us about dark energy
We show that laboratory experiments cannot measure the absolute value of dark
energy. All known experiments rely on electromagnetic interactions. They are
thus insensitive to particles and fields that interact only weakly with
ordinary matter. In addition, Josephson junction experiments only measure
differences in vacuum energy similar to Casimir force measurements. Gravity,
however, couples to the absolute value. Finally we note that Casimir force
measurements have tested zero point fluctuations up to energies of ~10 eV, well
above the dark energy scale of ~0.01 eV. Hence, the proposed cut-off in the
fluctuation spectrum is ruled out experimentally.Comment: 4 page
On the stability of bow shocks generated by red supergiants: the case of IRC-10414
In this Letter, we explore the hypothesis that the smooth appearance of bow
shocks around some red supergiants (RSGs) might be caused by the ionization of
their winds by external sources of radiation. Our numerical simulations of the
bow shock generated by IRC-10414 (the first-ever RSG with an optically detected
bow shock) show that the ionization of the wind results in its acceleration by
a factor of two, which reduces the difference between the wind and space
velocities of the star and makes the contact discontinuity of the bow shock
stable for a range of stellar space velocities and mass-loss rates. Our best
fit model reproduces the overall shape and surface brightness of the observed
bow shock and suggests that the space velocity and mass-loss rate of IRC-10414
are 50 and , respectively, and that the number density of the local ISM is
3 . It also shows that the bow shock emission comes
mainly from the shocked stellar wind. This naturally explains the enhanced
nitrogen abundance in the line-emitting material, derived from the spectroscopy
of the bow shock. We found that photoionized bow shocks are 1550
times brighter in optical line emission than their neutral counterparts, from
which we conclude that the bow shock of IRC-10414 must be photoionized.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter
Deterministic Brownian motion generated from differential delay equations
This paper addresses the question of how Brownian-like motion can arise from
the solution of a deterministic differential delay equation. To study this we
analytically study the bifurcation properties of an apparently simple
differential delay equation and then numerically investigate the probabilistic
properties of chaotic solutions of the same equation. Our results show that
solutions of the deterministic equation with randomly selected initial
conditions display a Gaussian-like density for long time, but the densities are
supported on an interval of finite measure. Using these chaotic solutions as
velocities, we are able to produce Brownian-like motions, which show
statistical properties akin to those of a classical Brownian motion over both
short and long time scales. Several conjectures are formulated for the
probabilistic properties of the solution of the differential delay equation.
Numerical studies suggest that these conjectures could be "universal" for
similar types of "chaotic" dynamics, but we have been unable to prove this.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure
Smart Parking System Based on Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons with Particle Filtering
Urban centers and dense populations are expanding, hence, there is a growing
demand for novel applications to aid in planning and optimization. In this
work, a smart parking system that operates both indoor and outdoor is
introduced. The system is based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons and uses
particle filtering to improve its accuracy. Through simple BLE connectivity
with smartphones, an intuitive parking system is designed and deployed. The
proposed system pairs each spot with a unique BLE beacon, providing users with
guidance to free parking spaces and a secure and automated payment scheme based
on real-time usage of the parking space. Three sets of experiments were
conducted to examine different aspects of the system. A particle filter is
implemented in order to increase the system performance and improve the
credence of the results. Through extensive experimentation in both indoor and
outdoor parking spaces, the system was able to correctly predict which spot the
user has parked in, as well as estimate the distance of the user from the
beacon
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