921 research outputs found
The serum-therapy of pyogenic affections
The treatment of pyogenic affections by antistreptoccus
serum is of comparatively recent date the first
recorded case in England being that of a case of
Puerperal Septicaemia recorded by Angus Kennedy in
the Lancet of Nov: 2nd 1895. To Marmorek working at
the Pasteur Institute at Paris appears to be due the
credit of having first prepared an antistreptococcus
serum that is practically of a constant strength and
character.I propose to review & criticise the literature &
published eases & to record the notes of some cases
that have come under my own observation
Simulation of an Inflammatory Model Using Schwann Cells
Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath surrounding neuronal axons. This myelin insulates the neurons and promotes the rapid conduction of electrical impulses throughout the body. Schwann cells have also been found to play a critical role in neuron repair following nerve injury. During nerve injury, the myelin sheath is damaged, stimulating Schwann cells to release cytokines, or inflammatory mediators, that recruit immune cells to the site of injury so that the myelin debris can be cleared, and repair can take place.1 Then neuronal growth is facilitated by heregulin and an unknown growth factor that stimulates the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway.2,3 There is still yet to be known regarding the exact mechanisms by which Schwann cells mediate nerve repair. Two pathways of interest are the nuclear factor kappa B (NK-ÎșB) and cAMP pathways. The NF-ÎșB pathway plays a major role in inflammation through the production of cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and can be stimulated in vitro by treating cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall immunostimulatory component of Gram-negative bacteria.1 The cAMP pathway is a key regulator of cell division2,4 and can be stimulated by treating cells with an artificial plant extract called forskolin.2 This study aims to examine proteins of the NF-ÎșB pathway when stimulated with cAMP-activating growth factors. It was hypothesized that cells treated with LPS and growth factors express less NF-ÎșB and TNF-α than cells treated with LPS only. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying nerve injury and Schwann cell-mediated repair will hopefully shed light on a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of nerve injury and inflammation.https://digitalcommons.misericordia.edu/surf2022/1001/thumbnail.jp
Evaluating the role of a galanin enhancer genotype on a range of metabolic, depressive and addictive phenotypes
Funded by âąERC. Grant Number: 284167 âąNIH. Grant Number: 1RO1DK0921127-01 âąNWO. Grant Numbers: 463-06-001, 451-04-034Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Multimodal perioperative pain protocol for Gynecologic Oncology laparotomy reduces length of hospital stay
Our primary objective was to evaluate the impact of a multimodal perioperative pain regimen on length of hospital stay for patients undergoing laparotomy with a gynecologic oncologist
The effect of distance on reaction time in aiming movements
Target distance affects movement duration in aiming tasks but its effect on reaction time (RT) is poorly documented. RT is a function of both preparation and initiation. Experiment 1 pre-cued movement (allowing advanced preparation) and found no influence of distance on RT. Thus, target distance does not affect initiation time. Experiment 2 removed pre-cue information and found that preparing a movement of increased distance lengthens RT. Experiment 3 explored movements to targets of cued size at non-cued distances and found size altered peak speed and movement duration but RT was influenced by distance alone. Thus, amplitude influences preparation time (for reasons other than altered duration) but not initiation time. We hypothesise that the RT distance effect might be due to the increased number of possible trajectories associated with further targets: a hypothesis that can be tested in future experiments
Evaluating recovery following hip fracture: a qualitative interview study of what is important to patients
Objective: To explore what patients consider important
when evaluating their recovery from hip fracture and to
consider how these priorities could be used in the
evaluation of the quality of hip fracture services.
Design: Semistructured interviews exploring the
experience of recovery from hip fracture at two time
pointsâ4 weeks and 4 months postoperative hip fixation.
Two approaches to analysis: thematic analysis of data
specifically related to recovery from hip fracture;
summarising the participantâs experience overall.
Participants: 31 participants were recruited, of whom 20
were women and 12 were cognitively impaired. Mean age
was 81.5 years. Interviews were provided by 19 patients,
14 carers and 8 patient/carer dyad; 10 participants were
interviewed twice.
Setting: Single major trauma centre in the West Midlands
of the UK.
Results: Stable mobility (without falls or fear of falls) for
valued activities was considered most important by
participants who had some prefracture mobility and were
able to articulate what they valued during recovery.
Mobility was important for managing personal care, for
day-to-day activities such as shopping and gardening, and
for maintenance of mental well-being. Some participants
used assistive mobility devices or adapted to their
limitations. Others maintained their previous limited
function through increased care provision. Many
participants were unable to articulate what they valued as
hip fracture was perceived as part of their decline with age.
The fracture and problems from other health conditions
were an inseparable part of one health experience.
Conclusions: Prefracture mobility, adaptations to reduced
mobility before or after fracture, and whether or not
patients perceive themselves to be declining with age
influence what patients consider important during recovery
from hip fracture. No single patient-reported outcome
measure could evaluate quality of care for all patients
following hip fracture. General health-related quality of life
tools may provide useful information within clinical trials
Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Children of Rural Areas of The Gambia, 2008â2015
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a substantial cause of childhood disease and death, but few studies have described its epidemiology in developing countries. Using a population-based surveillance system for pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis, we estimated S. aureus bacteremia incidence and the case-fatality ratio in children <5 years of age in 2 regions in the eastern part of The Gambia during 2008â2015. Among 33,060 children with suspected pneumonia, sepsis, or meningitis, we performed blood culture for 27,851; of 1,130 patients with bacteremia, 198 (17.5%) were positive for S. aureus. S. aureus bacteremia incidence was 78 (95% CI 67â91) cases/100,000 person-years in children <5 years of age and 2,080 (95% CI 1,621â2,627) cases/100,000 person-years in neonates. Incidence did not change after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The case-fatality ratio was 14.1% (95% CI 9.6%â19.8%). Interventions are needed to reduce the S. aureus bacteremia burden in The Gambia, particularly among neonates
Architecture Optimization Dramatically Improves Reverse Bias Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Role of Polymer Hole Transport Layers
We report that device architecture engineering has a substantial impact on
the reverse bias instability that has been reported as a critical issue in
commercializing perovskite solar cells. We demonstrate breakdown voltages
exceeding -15 V in typical pin structured perovskite solar cells via two steps:
i) using polymer hole transporting materials; ii) using a more
electrochemically stable gold electrode. While device degradation can be
exacerbated by higher reverse bias and prolonged exposure, our as-fabricated
perovskite solar cells completely recover their performance even after
stressing at -7 V for 9 hours both in the dark and under partial illumination.
Following these observations, we systematically discuss and compare the reverse
bias driven degradation pathways in perovskite solar cells with different
device architectures. Our model highlights the role of electrochemical reaction
rates and species in dictating the reverse bias stability of perovskite solar
cells
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