Effects of Drilling-Induced Disturbance to estimate Reservoir Compaction through Radioactive Marker Technique

In-situ measurements of reservoir compaction through Radioactive Marker Techniques are here discussed. This study evaluates the effect of well casing on the deformation measured in the vicinity of the borehole, with respect to the actual reservoir deformation to which the formation is subjected at larger radial distance, where the formation is likely to be undisturbed. It is here proved that the presence of a fully cased hole generates perturbations of the deformations in a large area surrounding the borehole, even accepting an elastic behavior of the rocks. Additionally, elasto-plasticity has been taken into account to further highlight the phenomenon. In particular, the deformation around a cased hole has been found to be much lesser than the one of the undisturbed formation. These effects are evident in the close vicinity of the borehole (where the radioactive markers are implanted), and are amplified in the case of loose or unconsolidated formations characterized by a rigidity much lesser than the one of the cased hole. The numerical investigations have been obtained through a fully coupled numerical code, here adopted for performing analyses of reservoir deformations and drilling-induced formation disturbance

Casing influence while measuring in situ reservoir compaction

In situ measurements of soil and rock compressibility through radioactive marker techniques (RMT) are here discussed. Compressibility is the main parameter governing compaction of sediments undergoing stress state variations, particularly when fluid withdrawal is considered. Numerical analyses of land subsidence phenomena from underground fluid extraction are strictly linked to the material parameters adopted, and consequently the results are strongly affected by the compressibility values used in the mathematical model. It is here proved that the presence of a fully-cased hole generates perturbations of the deformations in a large area around the borehole, even accepting an elastic behaviour of the surrounding rocks. Additionally, elasto-plasticity is taken into account to further confirm the statement

Recent Extensometric Data for the Monitoring of Subsidence in Bologna (Italy)

During the last decades underground fluids withdrawals induced severe cases of land subsidence in Bologna, Italy. The area features middle Pleistocenic to Holocenic alluvial deposits more than 400 m thick. Here, leveling measurements revealed a subsidence rate of more than 11 cm/y from 1974 to 1981. Subsidence monitoring was carried out using a leveling network and, recently, an interferometric analysis. In 2005 two pipe extensometers were installed in the Northern outskirt of the area, set at 100 and 200 m depth, respectively. The global subsidence rate is now reduced; however, the monitoring performed by means of the two extensometers shows that subsidence rate is not constant, but features a sort of cyclical behavior over the years, with seasonal peaks

Resilience for sustainability as an eco-capability

Purpose: This paper aims to identify the dynamic capabilities that foster organizational resilience towards sustainability. Design/methodology/approach: The study is a qualitative multi-case study with Brazilian manufacturers of different industries that provides an in-depth exploration of underlying dimensions towards resilience for sustainability. Findings: The results indicate that to develop organizational resilience towards sustainability, both in theory and in practical terms, the actions required are long-term plans, regular meetings, benchmarking, communication between areas and distinct hierarchies, partnerships and eco-efficient actions. Regarding human aspects, the leader’s behaviour and shared culture are the means to encourage, educate and exemplify sustainability for all in the organization. Research limitations/implications: The study has limitations in the form of a small sample size. The implications indicate a relationship between resilience and dynamic capability for sustainability. In other words, resilience develops organizational, human and technological capabilities for sustainability. Such results can improve the organizational strategy construction methods towards sustainability development. Practical implications: The study has two practical implications for companies to continue working for sustainability. The first practical implication is the need to work the processes that are aimed at the exchange of information both internally and externally to the organization. It has been seen in managers’ speeches that creating ways to listen to employee suggestions could make important resource-saving discoveries and release waste. Another important source of information for improvement of operations is to listen to civil associations and industry and non-governmental organizations, as well as participate in events, lectures and discussion forums. The second practical implication is the need to work with the human side of the organization; sustainability needs to be a part of the worker’s daily life, and it needs to become common to them of the need to reflect on how to improve sustainability of processes for which they are responsible. To achieve this goal, companies need to work the pillar of cohesion resilience, emphasizing the behaviour of leaders (role models) and organizational culture. Social implications: The comparative case analysis shows some practices that are able to induce good environment and provide social and organizational benefits, namely, long-term plans, regular meetings, benchmarking, communication between areas and distinct hierarchies, partnerships, eco-efficient actions, behaviour of leaders and shared culture among members of the organization. These practices are the means to encourage, educate and exemplify sustainability for all in the organization. Originality/value: The originality of this paper is to bring together two streams of the literature, namely, resilience and dynamic capabilities, in the context of sustainability. Drawing on this approach, the study provides a new conceptual model with empirical evidence of key aspects of resilience for sustainability as an eco-capability

Adapted Physical Activity for the Promotion of Health and the Prevention of Multifactorial Chronic Diseases: the Erice Charter

The Erice Charter was unanimously approved at the conclusion of the 47th Residential Course "Adapted Physical Activity in Sport, Wellness and Fitness: New Challenges for Prevention and Health Promotion", held on 20-24 April 2015 in Erice, Italy, at the "Ettore Majorana" Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture, and promoted by the International School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine "G. D'Alessandro" and the Study Group on Movement Sciences for Health of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health.After an intense discussion the participants identified the main points associated with the relevance of physical activity for Public Health, claiming the pivotal role of the Department of Prevention in coordinating and managing preventive actions. The participants underlined the importance of the physicians specialized in Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health. The contribution of other operators such as physicians specialized in Sport Medicine was stressed. Further, the holders of the new degree in Human Movement and Sport Sciences were considered fundamental contributors for the performance of physical activity and their presence was seen as a promising opportunity for the Departments of Prevention. Primary prevention based on recreational physical activities should become easily accessible for the population, avoiding obstacles such as certification steps or complex bureaucracy. The Sport Doctor is recognized as the principal referent for preliminary physical evaluation and clinical monitoring in secondary and tertiary prevention actions based on adapted physical activities. Developing research in the field is essential as well as implementing higher education on physical activity management in Schools of Public Health

Adapted physical activity for the promotion of health and the prevention of multifactorial chronic diseases: The Erice Charter

The Erice Charter was unanimously approved at the conclusion of the 47th Residential Course "Adapted Physical Activity in Sport, Wellness and Fitness: New Challenges for Prevention and Health Promotion", held on 20-24 April 2015 in Erice, Italy, at the "Ettore Majorana" Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture, and promoted by the International School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine "G. D'Alessandro" and the Study Group on Movement Sciences for Health of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health. After an intense discussion the participants identified the main points associated with the relevance of physical activity for Public Health, claiming the pivotal role of the Department of Prevention in coordinating and managing preventive actions. The participants underlined the importance of the physicians specialized in Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health. The contribution of other operators such as physicians specialized in Sport Medicine was stressed. Further, the holders of the new degree in Human Movement and Sport Sciences were considered fundamental contributors for the performance of physical activity and their presence was seen as a promising opportunity for the Departments of Prevention. Primary prevention based on recreational physical activities should become easily accessible for the population, avoiding obstacles such as certification steps or complex bureaucracy. The Sport Doctor is recognized as the principal referent for preliminary physical evaluation and clinical monitoring in secondary and tertiary prevention actions based on adapted physical activities. Developing research in the field is essential as well as implementing higher education on physical activity management in Schools of Public Health