Film holder for curved vacuum platen

Vacuum apparatus for holding photographic film of various widths against cylindrically curved patens is discussed. Construction details and method of operation are explained. Illustration of equipment is provided

Alignment microscope for rotating laser scanner

Microscopic assembly for alignment of rotary laser focuses on small film area along scan line at oblique angle. Suitable choice of angle and location of optical components project laser beam line as X coordinate reticle. Coordination with horizontal recticle line included microscope facilitates Y coordinate position indexing

Rydberg states of hydrogen-like ions in braneworld

It has been argued that precise measurements of optical transition frequencies between Rydberg states of hydrogen-like ions could be used to obtain an improved value of the Rydberg constant and even to test Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) theory more accurately, by avoiding the uncertainties about the proton radius. Motivated by this perspective, we investigate the influence of the gravitational interaction on the energy levels of Hydrogen-like ions in Rydberg states within the context of the braneworld models. As it is known, in this scenario, the gravitational interaction is amplified in short distances. We show that, for Rydberg states, the main contribution for the gravitational potential energy does not come from the rest energy concentrated on the nucleus but from the energy of the electromagnetic field created by its electrical charge, which is spread in space. The reason is connected to the fact that, when the ion is in a Rydberg state with high angular momentum, the gravitational potential energy is not computable in zero-width brane approximation due to the gravitational influence of the electrovacuum in which the lepton is moving. Considering a thick brane scenario, we calculate the gravitational potential energy associated to the nucleus charge in terms of the confinement parameter of the electric field in the brane. We show that the gravitational effects on the energy levels of a Rydberg state can be amplified by the extra dimensions even when the compactification scale of the hidden dimensions is shorter than the Bohr radius

Combinatorial formulation of Ising model revisited

In 1952, Kac and Ward developed a combinatorial formulation for the two dimensional Ising model which is another method of obtaining Onsager's formula for the free energy per site in the thermodynamic limit of the model. Feynman gave an important contribution to this formulation conjecturing a crucial mathematical relation which completed Kac and Ward ideas. In this paper, the method of Kac, Ward and Feynman for the free field Ising model in two dimensions is reviewed in a selfcontained way.Comment: 27 pages, 17 figure

Indexing film with a fluidic sensor

Fluidic sensor is used to measure passage of film without mechanical contact with counting device. Same sensor system may be used for different sizes of film. System has two fluidic sensors and operates on principle of electrically recording interruptions in air stream

Beyond the Shackles and Chains of the Middle Passage: Human Trafficking Unveiled (Comment)

This Comment analyzes the Trafficking Victims Protection Act by exploring the act's failures and successes. Part II looks at factors contributing to the rise of human trafficking. Part III provides a critical analysis of the TVPA, its purposes, and its shortcomings. Finally, Part IV proposes amendments that may aid law enforcement in protecting victims, as well as prosecuting traffickers. Reform must identify areas in the United States where trafficking activities are concentrated and move adequate resources, such as law enforcement training and mental health services for victims, to these areas. Second, funding for combating human trafficking should be reallocated from efforts abroad to law enforcement at home. American officials are better equipped to effectively utilize those resources for the benefit of trafficking victims. Finally, the TVPA must better provide ongoing mental health assistance to victims before, during, and after the traffickers have been prosecuted. This will better enable victims to aid law enforcement in finding and prosecuting traffickers, and will prevent survivors from being re-victimized in the future