Simulated growing tumors with .

<p>(a) . 2D sections of a 3D simulation along the XY (first row), XZ (second row) and YZ plane (third row). The developing tumor is initially compact; it then becomes dendritic. The disconnected parts in the last image connect to the backbone of the tumor out of the section plate. Fourth row: 3D visualization of the same simulation. (b) . 2D sections of a 3D simulation along the XY (first row), XZ (second row) and YZ plane (third row). The developing tumor is initially compact; it then becomes dendritic. The disconnected parts in the last two images connect to the backbone of the tumor out of the section plate. Fourth row: 3D visualization of the same simulation. (c) . 2D sections of a 3D simulation along the XY (first row), XZ (second row) and YZ plane (third row). The developing tumor is initially compact with a rough surface; it then becomes seaweed-like. The disconnected parts in the last two images connect to the backbone of the tumor out of the section plate. Fourth row: 3D visualization of the same simulation. (d) . 2D sections of a 3D simulation along the XY (first row), XZ (second row) and YZ plane (third row). The developing tumor is seaweed-like with a rough surface. The disconnected parts in the images connect to the backbone of the tumor out of the section plate. Fourth row: 3D visualization of the same simulation. The simulation time is indicated in days beneath each column, where 1 day = 400 MCS.</p

as a function of time for 3D simulations of tumor growth.

<p>(a) , (b) , (c) , and (d) .</p

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<p>(a) . 2D sections of a 3D simulation along the XY (first row), XZ (second row) and YZ plane (third row). The developing tumor is initially compact; it then becomes dendritic. The disconnected parts in the last two images connect to the backbone of the tumor out of the section plate. Fourth row: 3D visualization of the same simulation. (b) . 2D sections of a 3D simulation along the XY (first row), XZ (second row) and YZ plane (third row). The developing tumor becomes dendritic. The disconnected parts in the last two images connect to the backbone of the tumor out of the section plate. Fourth row: 3D visualization of the same simulation. (c) . 2D sections of a 3D simulation along the XY (first row), XZ (second row) and YZ plane (third row). The developing tumor has a form intermediate between dendrite and seaweed. The disconnected parts in the images connect to the backbone of the tumor out of the section plate. Fourth row: 3D visualization of the same simulation. (d) . 2D sections of a 3D simulation along the XY (first row), XZ (second row) and YZ plane (third row). The developing tumor is seaweed-like. The disconnected parts in the images connect to the backbone of the tumor out of the section plate. Fourth row: 3D visualization of the same simulation. The simulation time is indicated in days beneath each column, where 1 day = 400 MCS.</p

Morphologies of 3D tumors visualized in 3D and sphericity as a function of and , observed when the simulated tumor reaches the boundaries of the simulation domain (6 mm).

<p>The standard deviation for is less than 0.02. The panel for and is blank because the corresponding tumor never grows to this size.</p

The dependence on and of the time (in days) at which the simulated tumor grows to 1000 Generalized Cells.

<p>The dependence on and of the time (in days) at which the simulated tumor grows to 1000 Generalized Cells.</p

The dependence of (in days) on and .

<p>The dependence of (in days) on and .</p

Parameter values in our 3D simulations of tumor growth.

<p>Parameter values in our 3D simulations of tumor growth.</p

Sphericity of simulated tumors as a function of for different .

<p>(a) When they reach the boundary of the simulation domain, (b) with 1000 Generalized Cells.</p

The dependence on and of the sphericity of the simulated tumors with 1000 Generalized Cells.

<p>The space for and is blank because the corresponding tumor ceases to grow before reaching 1000 Generalized Cells.</p

Mean circularity as a function of time for 2D sections of 3D simulations of tumor growth.

<p>(a) , (b) , (c) , and (d) .</p