A new quill mite (Acari: Syringophilidae) from the Blackbird

This article describes a new species of quill mite, Torotrogla merulae sp. n., of the family Syringophilidae Lavoipierre, 1953, that lives on the Blackbird Turdus merula (Turdidae: Passeriformes) from Poland.Es wird die neue Vogelfedermilbe Torotrogla merulae sp. n. aus der Familie Syringophilidae Lavoipierre, 1953 aus Polen beschrieben, die auf der Amsel Turdus merula (Turdiidae: Passeriformes) lebt. Für die bisher beschriebenen Milben der Gattung Torotrogla wird ein Bestimmungsschlüssel aufgestellt

Cox1 barcoding versus multilocus species delimitation: validation of two mite species with contrasting effective population sizes

Abstract Background The cox1-barcoding approach is currently extensively used for high-throughput species delimitation and discovery. However, this method has several limitations, particularly when organisms have large effective population sizes. Paradoxically, most common, abundant, and widely distributed species may be misclassified by this technique. Results We conducted species delimitation analyses for two host-specific lineages of scab mites of the genus Caparinia, having small population sizes. Cox1 divergence between these lineages was high (7.4–7.8%) while that of nuclear genes was low (0.06–0.53%). This system was contrasted with the medically important American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, a globally distributed species with very large population size. This species has two distinct, sympatric cox1 lineages with 4.2% divergence. We tested several species delimitation algorithms PTP, GMYC, ABGD, BPP, STACEY and PHRAPL, which inferred different species boundaries for these entities. Notably, STACEY recovered the Caparinia lineages as two species and D. farinae as a single species. BPP agreed with these results when the prior on ancestral effective population sizes was set to expected values, although delimitation of Caparinia was still equivocal. No other cox1 species delimitation algorithms inferred D. farinae as a single species, despite the fact that the nuclear CPW2 gene shows some evidence for introgression between the cox1 groups. This indicates that the cox1-barcoding approach may result in excessive species splitting. Conclusions Our research highlights the importance of using nuclear genes and demographic characteristics to infer species boundaries rather than relying on a single-gene barcoding approach, particularly for putative species having large effective population sizes.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146770/1/13071_2018_Article_3242.pd

Picobia chloris Bochkov, Mironov and Kravtsova 2000

Picobia chloris Bochkov, Mironov and Kravtsova, 2000 (Figs. 277–279) Picobia chloris Bochkov et al., 2000: 352, figs. 1–10. Type host: Carduelis chloris (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes: Fringillidae). Type locality: Kirghizia. NON-PHYSOGASTRIC FEMALE (holotype). Total body length 596. Gnathosoma. Hypostomal apex rounded, with shoulders. Length of stylophore 175. Peritremes V-shaped. Each medial branch with 2–3 chambers, each lateral branch with 8 chambers. Idiosoma. Propodonotal shield divided into 2 narrow lateral shields, bearing bases of setae ve, si and se. Length ratio of setae vi:ve:si is 1:1.1:1.3. Bases of setae vi situated slightly posterior to level of setae ve. Setae vi, ve and sci lightly beaded. Setae se situated posterior to level of setae c1. Hysteronotal and pygidial shields absent. Length ratio of setae d2:d1: e2 1:1.3:1.6. Setae f2 1.3 times longer than f1. Setae h2 slightly (1.2 times) longer than h1. Setae h1 5 times longer than f1. Alveoles of setae 3a–3a not coalesced. Aggenital setae ag1 situated anterior to level of setae ag2. Length ratio of setae ag1: ag2: ag3 1:1:1.7. Genital setae hair-like. Genital lobes absent. All coxal fields well sclerotized, apunctate. Legs. Dorsal setae of legs I and II smooth. Antaxial and paraxial members of claws unequal in size. Setae tc’ and tc” of legs III and IV subequal in length. Lengths of setae: vi 100, ve 105, si 125, se 170, c1 190, c2 150, d1 120, d2 150, e2 95, f1 55, f2 70, h1 205, h2 230, ag1 45, ag2 45, ag3 70, g1 45, ps1 30, ps2 30. MALE. Total body length 385–405 in 2 paratypes. Gnathosoma. Hypostomal apex smooth. Peritremes Vshaped. Each medial branch with 3 chambers, each lateral branch with 8–9 chambers. Lengths of stylophore 90–95. Idiosoma. Propodonotal shield divided into 2 wide lateral shields, bearing bases of setae ve, si and se. Length ratio of setae vi:ve:si are 1:1:1. Bases of setae ve situated slightly anterior to level of vi. Setae c1 situated anterior to level of setae se. Hysteronotal shield well developed, not divided longitudinally, bearing bases of setae d1 and e2. Setae d2 about 4 times longer than d1. Setae h2 11.6 times longer than f2. Alveoles of setae 3a–3a not coalesced. Two aggenital plates bearing bases of setae ag1 present. Lengths of setae: vi 75, ve 75–80, si 75–85, se 120–135, c1 145, c2 120–135, d1 20, d2 85, e2 20, f2 12–15, h2 128, 3b 25, 3c 35, 1a 25–35, 3a 25–35, tc’III-IV and tc”III-IV 40–45, ag2 25. Type material examined. Carduelis chloris (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes: Fringillidae): female holotype (nonphysogastric form) and 2 male paratypes; KIRGHIZIA, Bishkek city, 28 March 1994, coll. N.T. Kravtsova. Type material deposition. All material deposited in the ZISP. Host range and habitat. Monoxenous species inhabiting quills of body feathers of Carduelis chloris. Distribution. Kirghizia.Published as part of Skoracki, Maciej, 2011, Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) of the Palaearctic region 2840, pp. 1-414 in Zootaxa 2840 (1) on pages 369-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2840.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/528920

Bubophilus asiobius Skoracki and Bochkov 2002

Bubophilus asiobius Skoracki and Bochkov, 2002 (Figs. 235 and 236) Bubophilus asiobius Skoracki and Bochkov, 2002: 142, figs. 1–7. Type host: Asio otus (Linnaeus) (Strigiformes: Strigidae). Type locality: Poland. FEMALE (holotype and 11 paratypes). Total body length 695–770. Gnathosoma. Infracapitulum apunctate. Stylophore slightly constricted posteriorly, 180–190 long. Each medial branch of peritremes with 2 chambers, each lateral branch with 4–6 chambers. Movable cheliceral digit 145 long. Idiosoma. Propodonotal shield weakly sclerotized, apunctate, deeply concave on anterior margin, bearing bases of setae vi, ve, si, se and c1. Length ratio of setae vi:ve:si 1:2:2. Setae se and c1 situated at same transverse level or setae se situated slightly posterior to level of setae c1. Hysteronotal shield weakly sclerotized, apunctate, narrow, bearing bases of setae d1 and bases of terminal setae. Genital plate absent. Genital setae g1 and g2 subequal in length, both 1.6–1.7 times longer than pseudanal setae. Length ratio of aggenital setae ag1:ag2:ag3 2.4:1:2.8. Coxal fields I–IV apunctate. Setae 3c about 2.6 times longer than 3b. Legs. Setae tc”III–IV 2.6 times longer than tc’III–IV. Fan-like setae p’ and p” of legs III and IV with 8–12 tines. Lengths of setae: vi 25–30, ve 40–55, si 50–70, se 225–260, c1 250–275, c2 195–255, d1 145–170, d2 175–185, e2 140–170, f1 30–40, h1 40–50, f2 160–205, h2 420–485, ps1 and ps2 25–30, ag1 170– 195, ag2 70–85, ag3 195–220, g1 40–45, g2 40–50, 3b 35, 3c 90, l’RIII 60, l’RIV 45, tc’III–IV 35–40, tc”III–IV 90. MALE. Unknown. Type material examined. Asio otus (Linnaeus) (Strigiformes: Strigidae): holotype female and paratypes: 15 females, 7 nymphs and 6 larvae (AMU-SYR.6) (rec.); POLAND, Zachodniopomorskie, Darlowko Wschodnie, Bukowo-Kopan, 30 October 1999, coll. M. Skoracki, W. Busse. Type material deposition. Holotype deposited in the AMU, paratypes in the AMU and ZISP. Host range and habitat. Monoxenous species inhabiting quills of tail feathers of Asio otus. Distribution. Poland.Published as part of Skoracki, Maciej, 2011, Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) of the Palaearctic region 2840, pp. 1-414 in Zootaxa 2840 (1) on pages 319-321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2840.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/528920

Rafapicobia zirnitra Skoracki 2011, sp. nov.

Rafapicobia zirnitra sp. nov. (Figs. 293–296) Type host: Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae). Type locality: Poland. Description. NON-PHYSOGASTRIC FEMALE (holotype). Total body length 430 (420–435 in 2 paratypes). Gnathosoma. Infracapitulum apunctate. Each medial branch with 5 chambers, each lateral branch short, with 4–5 clearly visible chambers. Movable cheliceral digit edentate in posterior part. Stylophore 100 long. Idiosoma. Propodonotal shield divided into 3 shields, pair of lateral punctate shields, bearing bases of setae ve and se; unpaired median shield, punctate in anterior part, bearing bases of setae vi, ve and c1. All propodonotal setae lightly beaded. Length ratio of setae vi: ve: si 1:2.6:3. Setae c1 located anteriorly to level of setae se. Setae d1 situated equidistant to setae e2 and d2. Pygidial shield well developed, apunctate. Setae f2 2.5 times longer than f1. Setae f1 and h1 subequal in length. Setae h2 8 times longer than h1. Aggenital setae ag1 situated anterior to level of setae ag2. Length ratio of setae ag1: ag2: ag3 1.5:1:1.5. Both pairs of pseudanal setae and 1 pair of genital setae minute. Coxal fields I–IV well developed, punctate. Setae 3c 2.6 times longer than 3b. Legs. Most of dorsal setae of legs I and II lightly beaded. Antaxial and paraxial members of claws III and IV subequal in size. Setae tc’ and tc” of legs III–IV subequal in length. Lengths of setae: vi 25 (25), ve 65 (65), si 80 (80–90), se 130 (120–130), c1 130 (115–125), c2 115 (115–120), d1 95 (95–105), d2 120 (115–125), e2 95 (90–95), f1 20 (20), f2 50 (50–55), h1 20 (20), h2 160 (150), ps1 3 (3), ps2 5 (5), g1 5 (5), 1a 40 (40), 3a 25 (25), ag1 75 (75–80), ag2 50 (45–50), ag3 80 (70–85), l’RIII 25 (25), l’RIV 25 (25), tc’III–IV 50 (50), tc”III–IV 50 (50), 3b 25 (25), 3c 65 (65). PHYSOGASTRIC FEMALE. Body bulb-shaped outline, 500 long in 1 paratype. Morphology of body and legs as in non-physogastric form. MALE. Total body length 395 in 1 paratype. Gnathosoma. Hypostomal apex tapering. Peritremes M-shaped, each medial branch with 4 chambers, each lateral branch with 5 chambers, borders between particular chambers weakly visible. Movable cheliceral digit edentate in posterior part. Stylophore 95 long. Idiosoma. Propodonotal shield entire, densely punctate, concave on anterior margin, bearing all propodonotal setae except c2. All propodonotal setae lightly beaded. Length ratio of setae vi: ve: si 1:2.3:3.7. Setae c1 located anterior to level of setae se. Hysteronotal shield divided longitudinally, well sclerotized, apunctate, not fused to pygidial shield. Setae d2 10 times longer than d1 and e2. Setae d1 situated closer to setae e2 than to d2. Pygidial shield well developed, sparsely punctate. Setae h2 more than 10 times than f2. Aggenital plate absent. Length ratio of setae ag1: ag2 4:1. Aedeagus 90 long. Coxal fields I–IV well developed. Setae 3c 2.2 times longer than 3b. Legs. Most of dorsal setae of legs I and II lightly beaded. Antaxial and paraxial members of claws III and IV subequal in size. Setae tc”III–IV slightly (1.3 times) than setae tc’III–VI. Lengths of setae: vi 15, ve 35, si 55, c1 70, c2 70, se 75, d2 70, h2 100, d1, e2, f2 — microsetae shorter than 5, ag1 40, ag2 10, l’RIII 10, l’RIV 10, 3b 15, 3c 35, tc’III–IV 35, tc”III–IV 45. Type material. Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae): female holotype (non-physogastric) and paratypes: 2 females (non-physogastric), 1 female (physogastric form), 1 male (AMU –SYR.119) (bod.); POLAND, Zachodniopomorskie, near Swinoujscie, October 2001, coll. G. Kiljan. Type material deposition. All type material deposited in the AMU. Non-type material. Ficedula hypoleuca (Pallas) (Muscicapidae): 8 females (physogastric form), 4 males and 5 nymphs (AMU –SYR.114) (bod.); POLAND, Zachodniopomorskie, Darlowko Wschodnie, Bukowo-Kopan, 26 April 1998, coll. M. Skoracki. Material deposited in the AMU and ZISP. Etymology. The name of this new species derives from the mythological Slavik god of the hospitality and crops—Zirnitra. Host range and habitat. Oligoxenous species inhabiting quills of body feathers of muscicapid bird species Saxicola rubetra and Ficedula hypoleuca. Distribution. Poland.Published as part of Skoracki, Maciej, 2011, Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) of the Palaearctic region 2840, pp. 1-414 in Zootaxa 2840 (1) on pages 392-396, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2840.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/528920

Quill mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) associated with birds of Mexico

Skoracki, Maciej (2017): Quill mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) associated with birds of Mexico. Zootaxa 4282 (1): 179-191, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4282.1.1

Columbiphilus polonica Skoracki 2011, comb. nov.

Columbiphilus polonica (Skoracki, Magowski and Dabert, 2001) comb. nov. (Figs. 280–283) Picobia polonica Skoracki et al., 2001: 154, figs. 1–9. Type host: Gallus gallus domesticus (Galliformes: Phasianidae). Type locality: Poland. NON-PHYSOGASTRIC FEMALE (holotype and 6 paratypes). Total body length 650– 690 paratypes. Gnathosoma. Hypostomal apex rounded with pair of small and blunt-ended protuberances. Infracapitulum punctate. Peritremes V-shaped, each medial branch with 3–6 chambers, each lateral branch with 9–11 chambers, borders between these chambers clearly visible. Stylophore 190–200 long. Idiosoma. Propodonotal shield divided longitudinally into 2 lateral shields, sparsely punctate, bearing bases of setae vi, ve, si and se. Propodonotal setae vi, ve and si lightly beaded, other setae smooth. Length ratio of setae vi: ve: si 1:2.3–2.6:3–3.4. Setae c1 and se located at same transverse level or setae c1 located slightly anterior to level of setae se. Setae d1 situated equidistant to setae d2 and e2. Setae f2 1.3–1.4 times longer than f1. Setae h1 7.5 times longer than f1. Setae h2 1.3–1.5 times longer than h1. Alveoles of setae 3a–3a not coalesced. Aggenital setae ag1 situated anteriorly to level of setae ag2. Length ratio of setae ag1: ag2: ag3 2.9–3.2:1:3.4–3.6. Setae ps2 twice as long as ps1. Setae g1 long and hair-like. Legs. Most of dorsal setae of legs I and II weakly ornamented. Antaxial and paraxial members of claws pair III and IV unequal in size. Setae tc”III–IV slightly (1.3 times) longer than tc’ III–IV. Setae 3c about 5 times longer than 3b. Coxal fields I–IV well developed, I punctate, II–IV not punctate. Lengths of setae: vi 50–60, ve 130–145, si 170–180, se 255– 265, c1 270–280, c2 250–265, d1 190–220, d2 230–255, e2 140–170, f1 45–50, f2 60–70, h1 340–380, h2 460– 540, ps1 12, ps2 25, g1 70–80, 1a 100–120, 3a 95–110, ag1 205–230, ag2 65–80, ag3 235–290, l’RIII 20–30, l’RIV 20–30, tc’III–IV 50, tc”III–IV 65, 3b 25–30, 3c 130–150. PHYSOGASTRIC FEMALE (5 paratypes). Body campanuliform in outline, 1215–1230 long. Morphology of body and legs as in non-physogastric form. MALE (3 paratypes). Total body length 430–435. Gnathosoma. Infracapitulum apunctate. Hypostomal apex rounded. Peritremes V-shaped, each medial branch with 3–5 chambers, each lateral branch with 9–11 chambers, borders between chambers clearly visible. Movable cheliceral digit edentate in posterior part. Idiosoma. Propodonotal shield entire, concave on anterior and posterior margins bearing all propodonotal setae except setae c2. Propodonotal setae vi, ve and si lightly beaded. Setae ve about twice as long as vi. Setae c1 located slightly anterior to level of setae se. Hysteronotal shield entire, not fused to pygidial shield, bearing bases of setae d1 and e2, concave on anterior and posterior margins. Setae d1 closer to e2 than to d2. Setae d2 about 10 times longer than d1 and e2. Pygidial shield well developed. Setae h2 25–30 times longer than f2. Alveoles of setae 3a–3a not coalesced. Two aggenital plates present, situated near bases of setae ag1. Length ratio of setae ag1: ag2 1.7–1.8:1. Coxal fields I–IV well developed, apunctate. Setae 3c 3.5 times longer than 3b. Legs. Leg setae smooth. Setae tc’ III–IV and tc”III–IV subequal in length. Lengths of setae: vi 40, ve 75–80, se 120–150, c1 125, c2 120–145, d1 10– 15, d2 100, e2 10, h2 270–310, f2 15, 1a 55, 3a 45, ag1 95–105, ag2 55–60, l’RIII 15, l’RIV 15, 3b 15, 3c 70. Type material examined. Gallus gallus domesticus (Galliformes: Phasianidae): female holotype (non-physogastric form) and paratypes: 8 females (non-physogastric form), 7 females (physogastric forms), 3 males (AMU – SYR.9) (bod.); POLAND, Wielkopolska, Zasutowo near Wrzesnia, 20 April 1999, coll. J. Dabert. Type material deposition. Holotype deposited in the AMU, paratypes in the AMU, ZISP, USIMC, ZMHU and CNCC. Host range and habitat. Monoxenous species inhabiting quills of body feathers of Gallus gallus dom. Distribution. Poland.Published as part of Skoracki, Maciej, 2011, Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) of the Palaearctic region 2840, pp. 1-414 in Zootaxa 2840 (1) on page 375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2840.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/528920

FIGURE 178 in Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) of the Palaearctic region 2840

FIGURE 178. Torotrogla cardueli Bochkov and Mironov, male (A–D). A, dorsal view; B, hypostomal apex; C, peritreme; D, fan-like setae p' of leg III; Female (E–G). E, hypostomal apex; F, peritreme; G, fan-like setae p' of leg III. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–G = 20 µm.Published as part of Skoracki, Maciej, 2011, Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) of the Palaearctic region 2840, pp. 1-414 in Zootaxa 2840 (1) on page 244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2840.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/528920

Syringophiloidus minor

Group <i>minor</i> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> In both sexes, each medial branch of the peritremes has numerous and bead-like chambers.</p>Published as part of <i>Skoracki, Maciej, 2011, Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) of the Palaearctic region 2840, pp. 1-414 in Zootaxa 2840 (1)</i> on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2840.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5289205">http://zenodo.org/record/5289205</a&gt