Pharmacological analysis of the feeding response of codling moth (Cydia pomonella; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) neonates to bitter compounds

Feeding in codling moth neonate caterpillars was inhibited by 0.67 mM and 2.24 mM concentrations of denatonium benzoate. This inhibitory effect was abolished by phospholipase C inhibitor, U-73122 and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Rolipram. Quinine and quinidine did not have inhibitory effects at concentrations as high as 1.64 mM and 0.43 mM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of denatonium was partially reversed in the presence of the calcium ion chelator, EGTA, at concentrations ranging from 2.5 μM to 250 μM. These results indicate that transduction of the taste of denatonium in codling moth neonates relies on signalling pathways that involve phospholipase C, phosphodiesterase and calcium ion influx into cells

Prospects of Codling Moth Management on Apples with Botanical Antifeedants and Repellents

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Tortricidae), is a major pest of apples, potentially causing annual losses exceeding USD62 billion globally. Growers have limited options for combatting the codling moth. Sprays with azinphos-methyl have been banned in the European Union, Turkey, and the USA. To be effective, Bacillus thuringiensis or Carpocapsa pomonella must be ingested in large quantities, and the fruit is damaged before the larvae die. Mating disruption or an attract-and-kill strategy does not resolve problems caused by the migration of moths from adjacent areas or insecticide resistance. Discouraging neonates from burrowing into the fruit with feeding deterrents or repellents of plant origin may become a new strategy. This paper presents a list of twenty-three plants and six secondary metabolites preventing apple infestation by codling moth neonates. Some of these plant extracts or oils (Alium sativum, Tanacetum vulgare, Atremisia arborescens, Ginkgo biloba) showed deterrence exceeding 95% in comparison to controls. The prospects of codling moth control with botanicals are discussed, and further studies on these substances are suggested. In conclusion, the author states that twenty-nine plant-originated materials have great potential in organic apple protection. Future studies should concentrate on formulating these botanicals and identifying their molecular targets

Sexual Characteristics in a Midwestern USA Population of Cotinis nitida Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Consequences for Determining Gender

Pszczolkowski, Maciej A., Hampton, Kent, Johnson, Donn (2008): Sexual Characteristics in a Midwestern USA Population of Cotinis nitida Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Consequences for Determining Gender. The Coleopterists Bulletin 62 (4): 527-534, DOI: 10.1649/110

Fig. 2 in Sexual Characteristics in a Midwestern USA Population of Cotinis nitida Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Consequences for Determining Gender

Fig. 2. Scatter diagrams of relative lengths of anterior tibiae to anterior tarsi in two sexes of Missourian population of Cotinis nitida. A. females. B. males. n 5 100 for each sex.Published as part of <i>Pszczolkowski, Maciej A., Hampton, Kent & Johnson, Donn, 2008, The Coleopterists Bulletin 62 (4)</i> on pages 527-534, DOI: 10.1649/1105, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10111191">http://zenodo.org/record/10111191</a&gt

Chilling stress effects on corpus allatum proliferation in the Hawaiian cockroach, Diploptera punctata: a role for ecdysteroids

Endocrine regulation of corpus allatum (CA) cell proliferation in response to chilling was studied in mated females of the Hawaiian cockroach, Diploptera punctata. Chilling alone, when applied 24 h post-mating, suppressed CA cell division, and elevated ecdysteroid levels in Diploptera’s haemolymph. Application of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) at 24 h post-mating similarly suppressed CA cell division, but had no effects at 48 h or 72 h post-mating. Severance of the ventral nerve cord prior to chilling or to the application of 20E prevented suppression of CA cell division, indicating that the effects of either chilling or 20E application are mediated by the ventral nerve cord

Fig. 5 in Sexual Characteristics in a Midwestern USA Population of Cotinis nitida Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Consequences for Determining Gender

Fig. 5. Primary sexual characteristics of Cotinis nitida. A. Partially everted vulva in sacrificed and fixed female. The arrows show two coxites. B. Two coxites (arrows) visible in situ in sacrificed and fixed female. C. Anal opening of a living female green June beetle inspected for presence of coxites (indicated with arrows). D. Penis of sacrificed and fixed male. The arrow indicates spiculum gastrale. The asterisks identify the lateral lobes. E. The spiculum gastrale (arrow) and the lateral lobes (asterisks) are visible in situ in sacrificed and fixed male. F. Anal opening of a living male being inspected for presence of spiculum gastrale (arrow) and absence of vertical coxites.Published as part of <i>Pszczolkowski, Maciej A., Hampton, Kent & Johnson, Donn, 2008, The Coleopterists Bulletin 62 (4)</i> on pages 527-534, DOI: 10.1649/1105, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10111191">http://zenodo.org/record/10111191</a&gt

Fig. 1 in Sexual Characteristics in a Midwestern USA Population of Cotinis nitida Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Consequences for Determining Gender

Fig. 1. Length of clypeal horn in Cotinis nitida. A. The outline of a typical male clypeal horn and how its length was measured (arrows). B. Distributions of the lengths of clypeal horn in Missourian green June beetles: the values for males and those for females overlap.Published as part of <i>Pszczolkowski, Maciej A., Hampton, Kent & Johnson, Donn, 2008, The Coleopterists Bulletin 62 (4)</i> on pages 527-534, DOI: 10.1649/1105, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10111191">http://zenodo.org/record/10111191</a&gt