The assessment of winter wheat agrocenoses adaptivity in the conditions of the submontane zone of the Central Caucasus

The article presents the results of 3 years study on the adaptation of the properties of various winter wheat varieties to the conditions of the submontane zone of the Central Caucasus. The indicator of the ontogenetic adaptability was the homeostaticity of the plants. We have studied thirty winter wheat varieties according to the parameters of ecological plasticity, productivity and resistance to the destructive complex of diseases and pests like Fusarium head blight, brown and yellow rust, Septoria blight, tan spot etc. The yield of the mixed variety crops was 4.5 t/ha; the increase was 9%. In the crops of the triple mixture of the strong Veda and Delta varieties (25%) with the valuable Batko variety (50%), which differed in resistance to various diseases, the average yield of 52 cwt/ha was obtained with the protein content of 12%, the gluten content of 28% and the flour strength of 320 a.u. The authors used the resistance of the precocious Kuma variety to the damage by the cereal leaf beetle as a protective screening crop along with the field perimeter. Such a screening crop of the stable variety prevents the colonization of the crops of the other less resistant varieties with pests. The genetic diversity of the variety creates the conditions for regulating and stabilizing the phytosanitary state of the crops and increasing their productivity. With this agrotechnical method, it becomes possible to regulate and stabilize the phytosanitary situation in the fields and to increase grain productivity and quality

Technology of moisture-resistant chipboard using amino-formaldehyde binder

In this paper we study the possibility of using modified amino-formaldehyde resins in the production of moisture-resistant wood particle boards. As a modifier of amino-formaldehyde resins it is proposed to use a by-product of melamine production -melan, which is a powder of light brown color, insoluble in water. Melan in its chemical composition and properties is largely similar to melamine, but unlike the latter it is an available raw material for the synthesis of polymers. This is the high market value of commercial melamine. Melamine, on the other hand, is often a waste product that is absolutely free. Aminoformaldehyde resins modified with melamine, despite its dark coloring, provide particleboards with a coloring identical to those obtained from conventional aminoformaldehyde resins. However, the properties of the obtained materials allow them to be classified as moisture-resistant

The technology of low-toxic chipboard using an amino-formaldehyde binder

This paper considers one of the key production problems associated with the production of environmentally friendly particle boards (reinforced wood particle board) based on aminoformaldehyde binders that meet all the necessary requirements of modern standards. One of the promising solutions to this problem can be the use of reactive technological additive, which has a complex action: catalyst for curing the binder and acceptor of free formaldehyde contained in the binder. The proposed action will allow to produce boards with high physical and mechanical characteristics and minimum content of free formaldehyde, which can indicate a high quality of the products and expand the scope of these composite materials, including production of furniture for home and children's institutions

Lamination of wood boards with modified amino-formaldehyde resins

This paper focuses on the development of the formulation of modified amino-formaldehyde oligomers, the study of their properties, obtaining impregnation compositions based on them and the study of the properties of the finished product -reinforced wood particle board. As a modifying component we chose ethylene glycol, salts of organic acids (modifier CN) and alloying additive “OLIGO LD”. Ethylene glycol at the stage of synthesis was used to improve stability and elasticity of oligomers. The CN modifier was introduced during the synthesis of oligomers, which allowed to influence the properties of the obtained products in a directed way

Competence of mosquitoes <i>Culex pipiens f.</i> molestus as carriers of West Nile virus under various temperature conditions

Introduction. The Culex pipiens mosquito is one of the proven vectors of the West Nile virus (WNV). Culex pipiens f. molestus (Cx. p. f. molestus) is a synanthropic, autogenous, widespread form of the species that can feed on a broad range of hosts, including humans. The temperature of the habitat of insects affects the potential for virus transmission, which determines the likelihood of them carrying the pathogen of West Nile fever. The goal is an experimental study of the temperature of the habitat of larvae on the competence of mosquitoes Cx. p. f. molestus as carriers of WNV. Materials and methods. We used a strain of the WNV (WNV_Volg601/18 genotype 2) and a laboratory culture of mosquitoes Cx. p. f. molestus. The concentration of the virus was detected by plaque formation using Vero cells. Insects were infected orally at the larval stage, with subsequent incubation at 20, 22 or 28C. 72 hours after the emergence of all adults from the pupae, the mosquitoes were immobilized by cold, the sex of imago was determined, the salivary glands were isolated from the females, and the presence of WNV in glandes and its titer were detected. Results. The titer of WNV sufficient to transmit the pathogen through the insect biting was observed in the salivary glands of insects kept at a temperature of 22 and 28C, with the virus titer rising with the temperature increasing. No virus was detected in the salivary glands of female insects kept at a temperature of 20C. Conclusion. Thus, it appears that the habitat temperature is an important factor limiting the replication and content of WNV in the salivary glands of Cx. p. f. molestus

Biochemical parameters associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease

With the purpose to study the characteristic of biochemical parameters related to endothelial dysfunction, a survey of 121 people aged between 40 and 70 years. The control group without arterial hypertension (AH) and coronary heart disease (CHD) accounted for 18 people, a group with AH - 56 people, the group with the combination of CHD and AH - 47. A comparative evaluation of vasomotor function of endothelium and endothelial dysfunction characterizing the biochemical parameters as endothelin-1, nitrites blood plasma, ADP-induced platelet aggregation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in blood platelets from patients with AH and with combined AH and CHD. In patients with AH and accession of CHD was identified by negative dynamics of markers of ED, in the form of reduced levels of nitrite, the increase of endothelin-1 and platelet aggregation (AT), induced by the large doses of inducer. The studied group was predominantly at one stage or another oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance of antioxidant protection (AOP) and the processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in platelets, in patients with AH was dominated by activation of the LPO. In patients with in combination AH with CHD had a complete depletion of the AOP and a decrease in the activity of LPO in platelets and significantly higher values AT.С целью изучения особенностей биохимических показателей, связанных с дисфункцией эндотелия, проведено обследование 121 человека в возрасте от 40 до 70 лет. Контрольную группу без артериальной гипертонии (АГ) и ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) составили 18 человек, группу с АГ - 56 человек, группу с сочетанием АГ и ИБС - 47 человек. В работе проведена сравнительная оценка сосудодвигательной функции эндотелия и таких характеризующих эндотелиальную дисфункцию биохимических показателей как эндотелин-1, нитриты плазмы крови, АДФ-индуцированная агрегация тромбоцитов, перекисное окисление липидов и антиоксидантная защита в тромбоцитах у пациентов с АГ и сочетанием АГ и ИБС. У пациентов АГ по мере присоединения ИБС была выявлена отрицательная динамика маркеров ЭД, в виде снижение уровня нитритов, повышения эндотелина-1 и агрегации тромбоцитов (АТ), индуцированной большими дозами индуктора. Исследуемые группы находились преимущественно на той или иной стадии окислительного стресса, обусловленного дисбалансом антиоксидантной защиты (АОЗ) и процессов перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) в тромбоцитах, у больных АГ преобладала активация ПОЛ. У больных АГ в сочетании с ИБС наблюдалось полное истощение АОЗ и снижение активности ПОЛ в тромбоцитах и более высокие значения АТ

West Nile Fever in the Russian Federation in 2022, the Incidence Forecast for 2023

The review presents an analysis of West Nile fever (WNF) epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation in 2022 and the summarized results of monitoring over the pathogen. The following features of the WNF epidemic process in Russia are outlined: the decrease (by 4 times) in the incidence rates compared to the long-term average values against an extremely extensive nature of manifestations (16 constituent entities in 6 federal districts), including the detection of local cases in 5 new territories (Tver, Tambov, Vladimir Regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, and Karachay-Cherkess Republic), predominant registration of incidence in the Central Federal District (51 %), early start and termination of the epidemic season. There is a decrease in the proportion of neuroinvasive forms in the structure of incidence, prevalence of females and the age group of “60 years and over”, as well as record rate values of people infected at the place of residence in cities, which is associated with the peculiarities of case detection, namely, screening examinations of febrile patients in hospitals by efforts of the Reference Center, according to the results of which 60 % of all registered patients with WNF in Russia were diagnosed. Monitoring studies of the Reference Center in the territory of the Central, Southern and North-Caucasian Federal Districts confirmed the intensive circulation of the pathogen. The low level of officially registered incidence is caused by insufficiently effective identification of patients. Molecular genetic studies have shown that West Nile virus lineage 2 circulated in the European part of Russia, both in epizootic and epidemic cycles. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that 4 West Nile virus isolates found in Astrakhan, Volgograd Regions, the Republic of Kalmykia and Stavropol Territory in 2022 belong to a new genovariant of the genotype 2, first identified in Russia in 2021. Possible complication of the epidemiological situation in all federal districts of the center and south of the European part of Russia is predicted

Ретикулоцитарные индексы в диагностике и контроле эффективности лечения железодефицитных состояний у детей

High prevalence of iron-deficiency conditions (IDC) in children dictates the need in searching for sensitive, accurate and simple methods of identifying such diseases on early stages of development. New methods of laboratory screening diagnosis are especially needed. The article presents an analysis of new methods of IDC laboratory diagnosis — hematological and biochemical. It presents a discussion of role of a new parameter — mean reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) — for IDC diagnosis and treatment effectiveness control. The article presents data on CHr sensitivity and specificity as compared with the other hematological parameters frequently used for IDC diagnosis. Распространенность железодефицитных состояний (ЖДС) среди детей высока, что диктует необходимость поиска чувствительных, точных и простых методов их определения на ранних стадиях развития заболеваний. Особенно необходимы новые методы лабораторной диагностики для проведения скрининга. В статье анализируются новые методы лабораторной диагностики ЖДС — гематологические и биохимические. Обсуждается значение в диагностике ЖДС и контроле эффективности их лечения нового параметра — среднего содержания гемоглобина в ретикулоците (Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content, CHr). Приводятся сведения о чувствительности и специфичности CHr в сравнении с другими гематологическими показателями, наиболее часто применяемыми для диагностики ЖДС.

Факторы риска развития железодефицитных состояний у подростков города Москвы

The article presents data on prevalence structure and causes of iron-deficiency conditions (IDC) in adolescents. The authors describe both literature data and the findings of their own study in the adolescents (n = 337) studying at Moscow comprehensive schools. Iron- deficiency anemia was revealed in 5.3% of the examined adolescents, latent iron deficiency — in 17%; vast majority of the last were females. The authors also determined the most common causes of IDC development in adolescents: growth spurt (according to the anamnesis), a source of chronic blood loss (prolonged and abundant menstruations [in girls], frequent nasal bleeding), vegetarianism, intense physical activity, diet compliance, excess weight, and obesity. Статья посвящена распространенности, структуре и причинам развития железодефицитных состояний (ЖДС) у подростков. Авторы наряду с литературными данными представили результаты собственного исследования подростков — учащихся общеобразовательных школ Москвы (n = 337). Железодефицитная анемия выявлена у 5,3% обследованных, латентный дефицит железа — у 17%, в преобладающем большинстве у лиц женского пола. Определены также наиболее частые причины развития ЖДС у подростков: наличие в анамнезе «скачка роста», источника хронической кровопотери (длительные и обильные менструации у девушек, частые носовые кровотечения), вегетарианство, а также интенсивные физические нагрузки, приверженность диетам, наличие избыточной массы тела и ожирения.

Профилактика и лечение железодефицитной анемии у детей первого года жизни

The article presents features of physiological processes and pathological conditions in under one-year children that predispose the development of iron-deficiency anemia. Basic methods of iron deficiency prophylaxis and principles of iron drug selection and dose selection for iron-deficiency anemia treatment for children in the stated age category are described in the article. Particular attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in preterm infants; foreign and domestic recommendations on this issue are presented. A practicing pediatrician needs to know the features of the disease’s development and treatment caused by differences in physical conditions accompanied by a high activity of metabolic processes and the immaturity of the young patients’ anatomic structures in order to identifiy and select the right iron-deficiency anemia treatment strategy.В статье представлены особенности физиологических процессов и патологических состояний у детей первого года жизни, предрасполагающих к развитию железодефицитной анемии (ЖДА). Описаны основные способы профилактики железодефицитных состояний, а также принципы выбора препарата железа и его дозы для лечения ЖДА у детей указанной возрастной категории. Особое внимание уделено профилактике и лечению ЖДА у недоношенных детей, представлены зарубежные и отечественные рекомендации по данному вопросу. Практикующему педиатру для своевременного выявления и выбора правильной тактики лечения ЖДА у детей первых 12 мес жизни необходимы знания об особенностях развития и лечения патологии, обусловленных отличиями физиологического состояния на фоне высокой интенсивности обменных процессов и незрелости анатомических структур у маленьких пациентов