E-readers as an alternative to coloured overlays for developmental dyslexia in adolescents

This explorative study investigated whether there was a difference in reading speed and errors made when reading using a coloured overlay and reading using an e-reader for adolescents with developmental dyslexia. A clinical sample of adolescents (N = 17) aged 11-16 were used. It was found that there were only very small (non-significant) differences in the mean reading speeds and reading errors when reading using either a coloured overlay of any colour or on an e-reader. This suggests that coloured overlays and e-readers are equally effective interventions for developmental dyslexia. The application of e-readers in an educational setting is discussed

Homing and Long-Term Engraftment of Long- and Short-Term Renewal Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) and short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSC) have been characterized as having markedly different in vivo repopulation, but similar in vitro growth in liquid culture. These differences could be due to differences in marrow homing. We evaluated this by comparing results when purified ST-HSC and LT-HSC were administered to irradiated mice by three different routes: intravenous, intraperitoneal, and directly into the femur. Purified stem cells derived from B6.SJL mice were competed with marrow cells from C57BL/6J mice into lethally irradiated C57BL/6J mice. Serial transplants into secondary recipients were also carried out. We found no advantage for ST-HSC engraftment when the cells were administered intraperitoneally or directly into femur. However, to our surprise, we found that the purified ST-HSC were not short-term in nature but rather gave long-term multilineage engraftment out to 387 days, albeit at a lower level than the LT-HSC. The ST-HSC also gave secondary engraftment. These observations challenge current models of the stem cell hierarchy and suggest that stem cells are in a continuum of change

It's a conspiracy: Covid-19 conspiracies link to psychopathy, Machiavellianism and collective narcissism

A proliferation of conspiracy theories has emerged during the Covid-19 health pandemic. The present study investigated individual susceptibility to conspiracy beliefs and the mediating role of Covid related conspiracy beliefs on links between personality and intentional dissemination of Covid-19 conspiracies and willingness to obtain a Covid-19 vaccine. Specifically, we focused on trait psychopathy, Machiavellianism and collective narcissism, as these traits have previously been linked to heightened conspiracy mentalities. We recruited 406 UK participants to take part in an online survey investigating personality and Covid-19 information. Machiavellianism and primary psychopathy positively predicted general and Covid specific conspiracy beliefs, whereas collective narcissism positively predicted Covid specific conspiracy beliefs only. Covid-19 conspiracy beliefs mediated the negative relationships between all traits and willingness to obtain a future vaccine. We discuss possible implications of these findings and provide direction for future research

Experiment 2: intrafemoral injection.

<p>Chimerism (%CD45.1) (ordinate) plotted as a function of Days Post Transplant (abscissa), type of cells injected (•▪: LT-HSC, ○□: ST-HSC), and source (•○: whole blood, ▪□: whole bone marrow) for several different methods of summary: A) raw individual mouse percent CD45 cells that were CD45.1, B) mean ± standard error of the mean, C) median with inter-quartile range, and D) percent of mice with greater than 10% of CD45 cells being CD45.1. For each tile, the data from the primary transplant is plotted on the left and secondary transplant on the right, separated by a vertical line at zero for the secondary transplant.</p

Experiment 3: intravenous injection.

<p>Chimerism (%CD45.1) (ordinate) plotted as a function of Days Post Transplant (abscissa), type of cells injected (•▪: LT-HSC, ○□: ST-HSC), and source (•○: whole blood, ▪□: whole bone marrow) for several different methods of summary: A) raw individual mouse percent CD45 cells that were CD45.1, B) mean ± standard error of the mean, C) median with inter-quartile range, and D) percent of mice with greater than 10% of CD45 cells being CD45.1. For each tile, the data from the primary transplant is plotted on the left and secondary transplant on the right, separated by a vertical line at zero for the secondary transplant.</p

Multilineage nature of engraftment: Summary graph of all primary transplant experiments showing that when engraftment occurred, multiple cell types were seen.

<p>Therefore, points displayed represent percent of cells from donor. Serial transplants of the primary whole bone marrow were also multilineage in nature when engraftment occurred (data not shown).</p

Experiment 3: intrafemoral injection.

<p>Chimerism (%CD45.1) (ordinate) plotted as a function of Days Post Transplant (abscissa), type of cells injected (•▪: LT-HSC, ○□: ST-HSC), and source (•○: whole blood, ▪□: whole bone marrow) for several different methods of summary: A) raw individual mouse percent CD45 cells that were CD45.1, B) mean ± standard error of the mean, C) median with inter-quartile range, and D) percent of mice with greater than 10% of CD45 cells being CD45.1. For each tile, the data from the primary transplant is plotted on the left and secondary transplant on the right, separated by a vertical line at zero for the secondary transplant.</p

Experiment 1: intraperitoneal injection.

<p>Chimerism (%CD45.1) (ordinate) plotted as a function of Days Post Transplant (abscissa), type of cells injected (•▪: LT-HSC, ○□: ST-HSC), and source (•○: whole blood, ▪□: whole bone marrow) for several different methods of summary: A) raw individual mouse percent CD45 cells that were CD45.1, B) mean ± standard error of the mean, C) median with inter-quartile range, and D) percent of mice with greater than 10% of CD45 cells being CD45.1. For each tile, the data from the primary transplant is plotted on the left and secondary transplant on the right, separated by a vertical line at zero for the secondary transplant.</p

Experiment 2: intravenous injection.

<p>Chimerism (%CD45.1) (ordinate) plotted as a function of Days Post Transplant (abscissa), type of cells injected (•▪: LT-HSC, ○□: ST-HSC), and source (•○: whole blood, ▪□: whole bone marrow) for several different methods of summary: A) raw individual mouse percent CD45 cells that were CD45.1, B) mean ± standard error of the mean, C) median with inter-quartile range, and D) percent of mice with greater than 10% of CD45 cells being CD45.1. For each tile, the data from the primary transplant is plotted on the left and secondary transplant on the right, separated by a vertical line at zero for the secondary transplant.</p