Genetic divergence toward the selection of promising bean progenitors via mixed multivariate models

Abstract The genetic variability present in the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm that is currently used as an agricultural crop has been shown to be stable in production and is acceptable for human sustenance. Accordingly, to maintain as much of the available variability as possible, this study aimed to examine the genetic divergence in the bean using multivariate analysis to identify the sources of genetic variability and enable breeders to recognize genetic combinations that have a greater chances of success before crossings are performed. This study was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in the agricultural year 2015. The agronomic traits evaluated were the stem diameter (DIAM) in millimeters, plant height (PH) in centimeters, number of seedsper plant (NS), protein percentage (PROT), height of the first pod (HFP) in centimeters, pod number (PN), grain mass per plant (GM) in g plant−1, grain yield (GY) in kg ha−1, and straw yield (SY) in kg ha−1. To enable selection of the most divergent genotypes, twenty different genotypes were analyzed via clustering according to the average linkage criterion (UPGMA) using a matrix of the mean standardized Euclidean distances and principal component analysis based on the values predicted via a multivariate mixed model. The results obtained in this study revealed a high degree of genetic divergence and allowed the progenies to be allocated into different groups, as well as recommended crossings for future bean breeding programs.Resumen La variabilidad genética presente en el germoplasma de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) actualmente utilizada en la agricultura es la garantía más pronunciada de estabilidad de la producción y sustento humano en relación con este cultivo. En consecuencia, para mantener la mayor variabilidad disponible posible, este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la divergencia genética mediante análisis multivariante para identificar fuentes de variabilidad genética y permitir a los mejoradores reconocer las combinaciones genéticas con mayores posibilidades de éxito antes de que se realicen los cruces. El experimento se realizó en diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones en el año agrícola 2015. Los caracteres agronómicos evaluados fueron: diámetro del tallo (DIAM) en mm; altura (ALT) en cm; cantidad de semillas (CS); porcentaje de proteína (PROT); altura de la primera vaina (APV) en cm; número de pod (NP); masa de grano por planta (MG) en g planta−1; rendimiento de grano (RG) en kg ha−1; y rendimiento de paja (RP) en kg ha−1. Para seleccionar los genotipos más divergentes, se analizaron 20 diferentes agrupando según el criterio de ligamiento promedio (UPGMA) usando la matriz de distancias euclidianas estandarizadas medias, y el análisis de componentes principales en base a los valores predichos mediante el modelo mixto multivariante. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio revelaron un alto grado de divergencia genética y permitieron la asignación de las progenies en diferentes grupos, así como recomendaciones para cruces en futuros programas de mejoramiento de frijol

Predição de ganhos genéticos via modelos mistos em Progênies de café conilon

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic gains predicted through different selection indices by REML / BLUP methodology in five traits of interest to the breeding program of conilon coffee Incaper. Eight half-sib progenies of early maturing cycle were evaluated regarding to average of two harvests with three replications, totaling 1368 observations. Indices of classic selection, multiplicative and based on the sum of the ranks, were used. During harvest, it were evaluated the characteristics: grain size (GS), productivity (PRO), size (S), vegetative vigor (VIG) and degree of slope (GI). The population was evaluated at the Experimental Farm of Marilândia, in Northwest region of Espírito Santo. The genetic-statistical analyzes were performed by Selegen program - REM / BLUP. It was verified by the analysis of genetic parameters, an excellent selective potential among families for all evaluated characteristics. The Mulamba and Mock index showed greater efficiency for the selection of half-sib families of conilon coffee.Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar os ganhos genéticos preditos por meio de diferentes índices de seleção pela metodologia REML/BLUP, em cinco caracteres de interesse ao programa de melhoramento do café conilon do Incaper. Foram avaliadas 8 progênies de meios-irmãos, de ciclo de maturação precoce, média de duas safras, com três repetições, o que totalizou 1368 observações, utilizados os índices de seleção clássico, multiplicativo e com base na soma de postos. Avaliaram-se, na época de colheita, as características tamanho dos grãos (TG), produtividade (PRO), porte (PT), vigor vegetativo (VIG) e grau de inclinação (GI). A população foi avaliada na Fazenda Experimental de Marilândia, região Noroeste do estado do Espírito Santo. As análises genético-estatísticas foram realizadas pelo programa Selegen - REM/BLUP. Verificou-se, a partir da análise dos parâmetros genéticos, um excelente potencial seletivo entre famílias, para todas as características avaliadas. O índice Mulamba e Mock foi o que mostrou maior eficiência de seleção entre famílias de meios-irmãos de café conilon

Grain yield of coffee conilon different maturity groups by REML / BLUP

This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and evaluate the grain yield clones coffee Conilon three maturity groups by REML / BLUP. We studied 20 clones of coffee Conilon early ripening, maturation 20 intermediate and 20 late maturing for the characteristic grain yield. For each group, represented by different times of ripening of fruits installed an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications, plots with five plants spaced 3.0 m X 1.2 m with 2777 plantas/ha-1e evaluations were made in the years 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, during harvest, conducted and ceded by the Institute Capixaba Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Incaper). The average heritability (0.28, 0.38) and the value of accuracy (0.68, 0.69) of clone selection were higher for the group of early and intermediate maturity, respectively. In the late group, the experimental accuracy was not satisfactory and therefore, a low accuracy in inference about the mean genotypic, reflecting the difficulty of selection. Clones 14 and 17 of the early group and 20, 14 and 17 of the intermediate group occupied the first places in the middle of the feature and productivity were also allocated in the same positions for MHVG (Genetic Stability of Values), PRVG (Adaptability of Genetic Values) and MHPRVG (Stability and Adaptability of Genetic Values), indicating a high yield, stability and adaptability to variations in four crops for these genotypes. The interaction clones x crops was significant for the three maturity groups, characterizing a complex type of interaction, which is problematic for the breeder due to inconsistency of the superiority of clones against variations of crops. The combined results showed superiority of the group over the intermediate early and late