EXCITATION OF THE 3 P-1,3 STATES OF MG BY ELECTRON-IMPACT

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Breeding behavior of Aratinga aurea (Psittacidae) in southwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Breeding behavior of Aratinga aurea (Psittacidae) in southwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The research was carried out from August 1995 to August 1998 in order to describe the breeding behavior of the Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea in southwestern of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Aratinga aurea breeds mainly in terrestrial termitarium, and all nests found during the research were located in areas of high human disturbances. The eggs were mostly laid every three days, and the clutch size varied between two to five eggs. The mean size of the eggs is 21,02 x 26,83 mm (n = 29 eggs). The incubation period varied from 23 to 25 days and the hatching was asynchronous, with duration of five or six days. Nestlings fledged at 45-51 days after hatching. During all the reproductive period the couple visited the nests.1611

Feeding behavior of the Yellow-chevroned Parakeet at the northeast of the State of Sao Paulo State, Brazil

This research was carried out from March 1990 to December 1993. It was designed to obtain data on the feeding behavior of the Yellow-chevroned Parakeet (Brotogeris chiriri) at four distinct areas of northeast Sao Paulo State. The following aspects of its feeding biology have been addressed: the plant species used as food, the items (flower, fruit, pulp, seed) included in the diet, the methods used to obtain food, and the flock size variation. Brotogeris chiriri used 45 plant species as food resource. From these it used seeds from 27 species, fruit pulp from 19 species and flowers from 16 species. There was a significant statistical variation on the methods used to gather food relative to the food item. The flock size of B. chiriri is highly variable (from one individual eating alone to about 45 individuals) on the same period of the year. The smallest average flock size was found during the breeding period of the species.1519510

Preface

Preface - The second International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences (IC-MSQUARE) took place at Prague, Czech Republic, from Sunday 1 September to Thursday 5 September 2013

Zika virus impairs the development of blood vessels in a mouse model of congenital infection

Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with brain development abnormalities such as primary microcephaly, a severe reduction in brain growth. Here we demonstrated in vivo the impact of congenital ZIKV infection in blood vessel development, a crucial step in organogenesis. ZIKV was injected intravenously in the pregnant type 2 interferon (IFN)-deficient mouse at embryonic day (E) 12.5. The embryos were collected at E15.5 and postnatal day (P)2. Immunohistochemistry for cortical progenitors and neuronal markers at E15.5 showed the reduction of both populations as a result of ZIKV infection. Using confocal 3D imaging, we found that ZIKV infected brain sections displayed a reduction in the vasculature density and vessel branching compared to mocks at E15.5; altogether, cortical vessels presented a comparatively immature pattern in the infected tissue. These impaired vascular patterns were also apparent in the placenta and retina. Moreover, proteomic analysis has shown that angiogenesis proteins are deregulated in the infected brains compared to controls. At P2, the cortical size and brain weight were reduced in comparison to mock-infected animals. In sum, our results indicate that ZIKV impairs angiogenesis in addition to neurogenesis during development. The vasculature defects represent a limitation for general brain growth but also could regulate neurogenesis directly

Fighting Misconceptions to Improve Compliance with Influenza Vaccination among Health Care Workers: An Educational Project

The compliance with influenza vaccination is poor among health care workers (HCWs) due to misconceptions about safety and effectiveness of influenza vaccine. We proposed an educational prospective study to demonstrate to HCWs that influenza vaccine is safe and that other respiratory viruses (RV) are the cause of respiratory symptoms in the months following influenza vaccination. 398 HCWs were surveyed for adverse events (AE) occurring within 48 h of vaccination. AE were reported by 30% of the HCWs. No severe AE was observed. A subset of 337 HCWs was followed up during four months, twice a week, for the detection of respiratory symptoms. RV was diagnosed by direct immunofluorescent assay (DFA) and real time PCR in symptomatic HCWs. Influenza A was detected in five episodes of respiratory symptoms (5.3%) and other RV in 26 (27.9%) episodes. The incidence density of influenza and other RV was 4.3 and 10.8 episodes per 100 HCW-month, respectively. The educational nature of the present study may persuade HCWs to develop a more positive attitude to influenza vaccination

The preference for water nipples vs. water bowls in dairy goats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous studies have reported that the design of the water dispensers can influence the water intake in farm animals. Horses and dairy cows seem to prefer to drink from an open surface whereas sheep and pigs apparently prefer water nipples, probably because of the worse water quality in water bowls. The aim of the present study was to examine the preference of dairy goats for water nipples or water bowls.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In each of the two experiments (exp. 1, dry goats, exp. 2 lactating goats), 42 dairy goats were allotted into 6 groups of 7 goats. In period 1, the goats had access to a water nipple. In period 2, they had access to a water bowl and in period 3 (preference test) they had access to both a water nipple and a water bowl. Water usage and wastage was recorded and water intake (water usage - water wastage) was calculated for each group for the two last days of each period. In experiment 2, water samples from each dispenser were analyzed for heterotrophy germs at 22°C, <it>Escherichia coli </it>and turbidity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Water usage was higher from water nipples than from water bowls both in experiment 1 (dry goats) and experiment 2 (lactating goats). There was however, no difference in water intake from water nipples and water bowls. In the preference test (period 3), the water intake tended to be higher from the water nipple than from the water bowl both for the dry goats (exp. 1) and lactating goats (exp. 2). Especially for the dry goats, the differences between groups were large. Turbidity and heterotrophy germs were much higher in the samples from the water bowls than from the water nipples.</p> <p>Water wastage from the water bowls was negligible compared to the water nipples. From the water nipples the water wastage was 30% and 23% of water usage for the dry and lactating goats respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that type of water dispenser (nipple or bowl) was probably of minor importance for water intake in goats, but water bowls had a lower water quality.</p