Mapeamento de pesquisas sobre o Teorema de Pick em contextos da Educação Básica no período de 2014 a 2021

This article aims to present a mapping of scientific productions on Pick's Theorem in elementary school contexts. To this end, a mapping-type research was carried out, and for its structuring, we chose to analyze the works available in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, paying attention to research defended in the period from 2014 to 2021 and using the descriptors "Pick's Theorem" and "Pick's Formula". To analyze the data, we used Content Analysis, which allowed us to highlight six Categories of Analysis. The results show that the elementary school students were more curious and engaged in the classes, due to the differentiated activities. The work also shows that the theoretical and practical approach to Pick's Theorem, through the use of the proposed methods, contributed to better student learning. We would like to highlight the lack of research into the scope of this study and the need for further research into this subject. We hope that this work can contribute to the understanding and debate on Pick's Theorem at its different levels of teaching, and represent a contribution to other mathematics educators and especially to teachers working in mathematics degrees in Brazil, as well as subsidizing other work and motivating other researchers.El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un mapeo de la producción científica sobre el Teorema de Pick en contextos de enseñanza primaria. Para ello, realizamos un estudio de tipo mapeo y, para su estructuración, optamos por analizar los trabajos disponibles en la Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones, prestando atención a las investigaciones defendidas entre 2014 y 2021 y utilizando los descriptores "Teorema de Pick" y "Fórmula de Pick". Para analizar los datos, utilizamos el Análisis de Contenido, que nos permitió destacar seis Categorías de Análisis. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos de primaria mostraron más curiosidad e interés en las clases debido a las actividades diferenciadas. El trabajo también muestra que el enfoque teórico y práctico del Teorema de Pick, utilizando los métodos propuestos, contribuyó a un mejor aprendizaje de los alumnos. Nos gustaría destacar la falta de investigación en el ámbito de este estudio y la necesidad de seguir investigando sobre este tema. Esperamos que este trabajo pueda contribuir a la comprensión y al debate sobre el Teorema de Pick en sus diferentes niveles de enseñanza, y represente una contribución para otros educadores matemáticos y especialmente para profesores que trabajan en carreras de matemática en Brasil, además de subsidiar otros trabajos y motivar a otros investigadores.Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um mapeamento das produções científicas sobre o Teorema de Pick em contextos da Educação Básica. Para tal, fez-se uma pesquisa do tipo mapeamento, e para sua estruturação, optou-se por analisar os trabalhos disponíveis na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, atentando as pesquisas defendidas no período de 2014 a 2021 e usando os descritores “Teorema de Pick” e “Fórmula de Pick”. Para a análise dos dados, empregamos a Análise de Conteúdo, a qual nos ensejou salientar seis Categorias de Análise. Os resultados apresentam que os estudantes da Educação Básica tiveram maior curiosidade e atuação nas aulas, em razão das atividades diferenciadas, os trabalhos também mostram que a abordagem de forma teórica e prática do Teorema de Pick, por meio da utilização dos métodos propostos, contribuiu para uma melhor aprendizagem dos alunos. Destacamos a infimidade em pesquisas concernentes ao escopo deste estudo e também evidenciamos a necessidade de novas pesquisas envolvendo a referida temática. Esperamos que este trabalho possa contribuir para a compreensão e o debate sobre o Teorema de Pick em seus diferentes níveis de ensino, e representar um aporte para outros educadores matemáticos e principalmente para os professores que atuam nas licenciaturas em matemática no Brasil, bem como subsidiar outros trabalhos e motivar outros pesquisadores

Differences in HPV infection and HPV-related lesions between the cervix and anus in hiv-positive women

Introduction: the prevalence of cervical and anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is high. However, little is known about the differences in the susceptibility of these infections and related lesions. The aim of this study was to describe the association between the prevalence of cervical and anal HPV infection and HPV-related lesions in HIV-positive women. Methods: this study included 88 HIV-positive women attending an outpatient clinic in a university hospital. Ectocervical, endocervical, and anal samples were collected for colpocytology and anal cytology. A polymerase chain reaction-based technique was used to detect HPV deoxyribonucleic acid in endocervical and anal swab samples. Results: the cervical and anal HPV positivity rates were 35.21% and 78.8%, respectively. The presence of HPV-related lesions on colpocytology was associated with anal HPV positivity (P = 0.027). The ratio between cervical HPV infection and cervical HPV-related lesions was 2.5. The ratio between anal HPV infection and anal HPV-related lesions was 4.3. Overall, 30% had concomitant HPV DNA in the cervix and anus. Conclusion: there are differences in the susceptibility of infections and related lesions between the cervix and anus. Despite a higher incidence of anal HPV, the progression to HPV-related lesion does not occur via the same manner in the cervix and anus. Moreover, cervical HPV-related lesions in HIV-positive women may serve as a cue for anal preventive strategies, and further investigations in these women may be useful.

Macroscopic Anatomy, Histopathology, and Image Diagnosis of Joints and Synovial Cartilages

Joints are physiological connections formed by the association of two or more bones that confer mobility to the skeleton of vertebrates. Composed of several structures, these are often related to pathologies of varied origins, which determine symptomatology of varying degrees of intensity and impairment, responsible for the decrease in life expectancy and the well-being of affected populations. Most of the time, the treatment for these diseases is only symptomatic, aiming at the relief of pain and the return of the patient to daily activities. Thus, there has been an increasing interest in the search for new knowledge about the mechanisms that lead to joint disorders and effective therapeutic resources that may contribute to the fight against pain and to the definitive treatment of joint dysfunctions. To this aim, the knowledge of diagnostic methods, especially imaging methods, is of fundamental importance for the recognition of articular affections, enabling a targeted and effective treatment. Among these auxiliary exams currently used to evaluate the joints, the noninvasive ones are the first choice, where radiography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography, and arthroscopy are inserted

Interaction of IL1B and IL1RN polymorphisms, smoking habit, gender, and ethnicity with aggressive and chronic periodontitis susceptibility

Background: Although the interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, associations between IL1 gene cluster polymorphisms and the disease remains unclear. Aims: To investigate the importance of IL1B-511C>T (rs16944), IL1B +3954C>T (rs1143634), and IL1RN intron 2 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) (rs2234663) polymorphisms, individually or in combination, as the risk factors of periodontitis in a Southeastern Brazilian population with a high degree of miscegenation. Subjects and Methods: A total of 145 individuals, with aggressive (aggressive periodontitis [AgP], n = 43) and chronic (chronic periodontitis [CP], n = 52) periodontitis, and controls (n = 50) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (IL1RN intron 2 VNTR) or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) (IL1B-511 C>T and IL1B + 3954C>T) techniques. Statistical Analysis: The independent t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher′s exact tests were used. The SNPStats program was used for haplotype estimation and multiplicative interaction analyses. Results: The IL1B +3954T allele represented risk for CP (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84), particularly in smokers (OR = 4.43) and females (OR = 6.00). The minor alleles IL1RNFNx012 and FNx013 increased the risk of AgP (OR = 2.18), especially the IL1RNFNx012FNx012 genotype among  white Brazilians (OR = 7.80). Individuals with the combinations of the IL1B + 3954T and IL1RNFNx012 or FNx013-containing genotypes were at increased risk of developing CP (OR = 4.50). Considering the three polymorphisms (rs16944, rs1143634, and rs2234663), the haplotypes TC2 and CT1 represented risk for AgP (OR = 3.41) and CP (OR = 6.39), respectively. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the IL1B +3954C>T and IL1RN intron 2 VNTR polymorphisms are potential candidates for genetic biomarkers of periodontitis, particularly in specific groups of individuals

Anal Cancer in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients is a Neglected Condition

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have a higher incidence of neoplasms associated with human papillomavirus infections, such as those that affect the vulva, the vagina, and the cervix; however, little is known about the frequency of anal cancer among these patients. Although there are recommendations for screening for this cancer in immunosuppressed individuals, it is possible that this procedure is not strictly followed. We describe the case of a 47-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus who was treated with immunosuppressants and developed advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma after adequate treatment and healing of a high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion. Five years after the completion of the anal cancer treatment, the patient presented with cystic hepatic lesions that were histopathologically confirmed to be metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. This report aimed to highlight the need for anal cancer screening in patients with lupus, particularly if there was a history of cervical cytopathological alterations

Polymorphisms in NAT2 (N-acetyltransferase 2) gene in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate potential associations of four substitutions in NAT2 gene and of acetylator phenotype of NAT2 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and clinical phenotypes. Methods: Molecular analysis of 481C>T, 590G>A, 857G>A, and 191G>A substitutions in the NAT2 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, from DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples obtained from patients with SLE (n = 91) and controls (n = 97). Results and conclusions: The 857GA genotype was more prevalent among nonwhite SLE patients (OR = 4.01, 95% CI = 1.18-13.59). The 481T allele showed a positive association with hematological disorders that involve autoimmune mechanisms, specifically autoimmune hemolytic anemia or autoimmune thrombocytopenia (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.01-3.81)

TP53 and p21 (CDKN1A) polymorphisms and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract Background The p53 and p21 proteins are important regulators of cell cycle and apoptosis and may contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As genetic polymorphisms may cause changes in protein levels and functions, we investigated associations of TP53 and p21 (CDKN1A) polymorphisms (p53 72 G > C—rs1042522; p53 PIN3—rs17878362; p21 31 C > A—rs1801270; p21 70 C > T—rs1059234) with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Southeastern Brazilian population. Methods Genotyping of 353 female volunteers (cases, n = 145; controls, n = 208) was performed by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and/or DNA sequencing. Associations between TP53 and p21 polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility and clinical manifestations of SLE patients were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results Protective effect was observed for the genotype combinations p53 PIN3 A1/A1-p21 31 C/A, in the total study population (OR 0.45), and p53 PIN3 A1/A2-p21 31 C/C, in non-white women (OR 0.28). In Whites, p53 72 C-containing (OR 3.06) and p53 PIN3 A2-containing (OR 6.93) genotypes were associated with SLE risk, and higher OR value was observed for the combined genotype p53 72 G/C-p53 PIN3 A1/A2 (OR 9.00). Further, p53 PIN3 A1/A2 genotype was associated with serositis (OR 2.82), while p53 PIN3 A2/A2 and p53 72 C/C genotypes were associated with neurological disorders (OR 4.69 and OR 3.34, respectively). Conclusions Our findings showed that the TP53 and p21 polymorphisms included in this study may have potential to emerge as SLE susceptibility markers for specific groups of patients. Significant interactions of the TP53 polymorphisms with serositis and neurological disorders were also observed in SLE patients