Evaluating the integration of the sensory-motor abilities to facilitate teaching-learning processes: a comparison between Italian and Indian models of teaching through the use of VMI test

Nowadays a great number of evidences seems to prove that the movement plays a central role in the integrationof different mental processes. The visual-motor feedback may be considered the first sensorial integration of thedevelopment. The importance of an effective support to the pre-adolescent development of the sensory-motorintegration ability seems one of most important aim that every school system should follow. The aim of thisresearch is to investigate and monitor on international scale if the current Italian and Indian schools systems canadequately support the development of the student’s sensory-motor integration ability. According to the datashowed in this paper, it is clear that the scores obtained by the Italian and Indian students are lower than theinternational mean. However if a wider analysis based on a larger and more representative sample of the twoCountries should confirm the output of this research, it will be clear that the two school systems cannoteffectively support the development of the visual-motor integration abilities of the students. If the trend showedin this work should be confirmed by future and more precise researches, it will be necessary an accurate analysisaimed to identify the possible reasons of this phenomenon and the possible school support, since without them, awhole generation of students will risk to reduce the cultural level of the two nations and to be not competitive onan international level

Physical education and sport in the Campania region

The didactic of physical activities in the school, while exercising the individual technical skills, never loses sight of the unity of knowledge and invites the child to reflect on his actions, on his mental and physical changes, but also on his knowledge. For this reason, the school is differs from sports federations and associations, and it must rise to the role of leadership in the sport education. After these necessary preambles, it seems now particularly interesting to introduce the scenario laid out by ISTAT (Italian Statistics Institute) survey \u201c100 statistics to understand the country we live in\u201d. The ISTAT analysis shows how Campania is the region after Sicily with the highest percentage of people with a sedentary lifestyle. It seems that in Campania, the primary school fails in its leadership role with regard to the sports education and the motor practices and in supporting non-sedentary lifestyles. In fact, in Campania the sport practice is very low and the level of giving up is particularly high. This discussion starts from this point and should be considered as a pilot study to evaluate a possible contributory cause of the status here outlined, i.e. the perception that teachers have of their own basic and technical skills in the motor field. It is not forbidden to think that, if this survey shows a widespread perception of lack of ability, this will adversely affect the motor teaching and be at least partly responsible for the situation described herein. Therefore the aim of this research is to monitor the level of the basic skills and of the motor teaching skills of primary school teachers in the region Campania, and the way they perceive the movement, highlighting any possible critical factor

Problemi organizzativi e prospettive del sistema sanitario in Italia

The Italian National Health Service is facing a crisis characterized by healthcare deficiencies, economic inefficiencies, and a lack of investments. Furthermore, the ongoing public debate on this critical issue remains incomplete. This book addresses these challenges by fostering interdisciplinary discussions, analyzing organizational issues, and identifying strategies to revitalize the healthcare system in accordance with constitutional principles and the needs of the diverse Italian regions. The decentralized and unequal state of the Italian healthcare system is examined through a comparative analysis of the Lombardia region in the North of Italy and the Puglia region in the South of Italy. Despite similar national funding per capita, demographic disparities impact resource allocation: only individuals with higher income levels can afford more extensive personal spending on private healthcare when the public healthcare system is deficient. This book provides insights into the evolution of the Italian National Health Service, from its inception to the current crisis, serving as a platform for informed debates and proposals for revitalizing actions

Assessment of internal diameters of abdominal and femoral blood vessels in 250 living subjects using Color Doppler ultrasonography

Acquiring data about venous or arterial vessel size is important for several reasons, given the increasing incidence of thomboembolic phenomena and arterial aneurysms and the emerging new vascular techniques. We studied 250 healthy subjects (125 men and 125 women; age range: 50 to 91 years) with no known vascular pathology, nor hypertension, nor diabetes. We assessed the caliber of abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, iliac and femoral arteries and viens by color doppler ultrasonography, and analyzed the results with regard to sex, height, weight and body surface of each subject. The mean caliber measure of the large abdominal vessels appeared lower than the value obtained from cadavers. There was a direct proportion between the left and right vessels of the same subject. The difference in vessel caliber between male and female subjects was statistically significant. There was no correlation between vessel caliber and age, height or body surface area

Internal jugular vein valves: an assessment of prevalence, morphology and competence by Color Doppler Echography in 240 healthy subjects

The presence of valves in the head and neck veins is known since classical anatomical dissections. Previous studies have investigated whether jugular veins show constant valves at their ostium and whether these valves are physiologically competent, but, unluckily, these studies have reported conflicting results. Further, recent observations have raised the question whether the incompetence of jugular vein valves might play a pivotal role in neurological disorders related to venous engorgement of the brain. In this study we examined 462 internal jugular veins by using an echocolorodoppler apparatus. In particular, we assessed the presence, morphology and competence of valves at their ostium. Unilateral jugular vein valves were present in 406 cases (88%), mainly on the right side. The most frequently observed morphology (75%, 305 cases) was the two-leaflet valve, and jugular vein valves were incompetent in the huge majority of cases (365 cases, 90%). Our findings confirm the anatomical variability predicted from classical anatomical studies but, unluckily, do not provide additional evidence on the possible role of jugular vein valves in physiology and pathology. Further studies are strongly needed to determine whether these valves actually play an important role in counteracting chest venous pressure and in preventing reflux towards the brain