Investigation of some growth and yield parameters of genetically modified corn

Tez (Doktora) -- Giresun Üniversitesi. Kaynakça var.viii, 44 s. : tbl. ; 28 cm.Demirbaş: 0059177Bu çalışmada, genetiği değiştirilmiş MON810 mısır hatlarındaki genetik modifikasyonun çimlenme ve erken fide dönemlerinde olan muhtemel etkilerini belirlemek için; çimlenme döneminde mikro nükleus oluşumu, çimlenme başarısı ve morfolojik özellikler ile erken fide döneminde stoma sayıları, fide morfolojileri, pigment içerikleri, malondialdehit ve prolin içerikleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak genetik müdahale verimi etkileyebilecek gözle görülür değişikliklere yol açmamıştır. Bununla birlikte stres göstergesi ve koruyucu olarak çalışan prolin ile antosiyanin seviyeleri GD mısırın erken fide evresinde artmıştır.In this study, to determine possible effects of genetic modifications in genetically modified MON810 maize line on germination and early seedling the periods, micronucleus formation and morphological characteristics during germination, germination success, and stomata number, morphology of seedling, pigment content, malondialdehyde and proline contents during early seedling stage were examined. Consequently genetic modification did not lead to noticable changes which may affect the yield. However, anthocyanin and proline, which are known as indicator and protector against various stresses, increased in the early seedling stage of GM corn

Altitude Triggers Some Biochemical Adaptations of Polygonum cognatum Meissn. Plants

Madimak is a local name of Polygonum cognatum which is known as a nutrient- and phenolic-rich edible plant in Turkish traditional cuisine. Knotweed (madimak) is usually found in both agricultural and non-agricultural areas at different altitudes from 720 to 3000 meters. This study aimed to investigate some biochemical effects of altitude in knotweed plants. Knotweed leaf samples collected from two different elevations (1656 and 1170 meters) of mountainous regions of Şebinkarahisar (Giresun, Turkey) at optimum vegetation stage. The total chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were determined in fresh leaves while the total flavonoid amount, proline and the total soluble sugar contents in dried leaf samples spectrophotometrically. The proline and the total flavonoid contents were more abundant whereas the amounts of soluble sugars, the total chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased at higher altitude plants. Altitudinal gradient affects the important parameters in the biochemistry of knotweed.  Especially, owing to the flavonoid-rich content, higher located knotweed could be defined as a functional food

Observations on Behavior of Wild Goat (Capra aegagrus, Erxleben 1777)

Wild (bezoar) goat (Capra aegagrus, Erxleben 1777) was studied in Köprülü Canyon Area and Termessos-Düzlerçamı Area in Antalya-TURKEY. Based on questionary survey and observations from June 2003 to August 2004, wild goats used eight different vegetations – maquis, Turkish pine (Pinus brutia), juniper (Juniperus excelsa), juniper mixed cedar (Cedrus libani), black pine (Pinus nigra), fir (Abies cilicica subsp. isaurica), cedar and sub-alpine – from 200 m to 2500 m. Wild goats preferred escape terrains with more than 30o angle within these habitats. Any food preferences were not observed except hyacinth (Muscari spp). Rutting season started in the middle of December in Köprülü Canyon Area and in the beginning of December in Termessos-Düzlerçamı Area. Rutting season lasted for 30-40 days and pregnancy period took 5-5.5 months. The first births occurred in the middle of May in Köprülü Canyon Area and in the beginning of May in Termessos-Düzlerçamı Area. Ratios of males associate with females were 0.47:1 in Köprülü Canyon Area and 0.57:1 in Termessos-Düzlerçamı Area. Bias in the sex ratios was a result of anthropogenic pressure

Variability in some biochemical and nutritional characteristics in desi and Turkish kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) types

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), the third most widely produced food legume in all over the world, is consumed for its protein-rich seeds especially in developing countries. According to seed morphology, cultivated chickpeas are of two types as desi and kabuli. There is a growing interest if extracts obtained from chickpea grains might be used as a source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials such as phenolic or flavonoid compounds. The objective of this work is to investigate the total phenolic, flavonoid and protein contents of a desi (ICC 3996) type and three kabuli (Seçkin, İnci and Hasanbey) types of chickpea seeds. Analyses were performed in extracts of 24 hours imbibed grains. The Folin Ciocalteu procedure was used to assess the total phenolic amounts while the total flavonoid content was measured with an aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. Total protein concentration was determined according to the Biuret method. Desi type exhibited the lowest protein content whereas İnci had the highest levels of total protein among kabuli types. Total phenolic content of desi type was significantly higher than other genotypes (P<0.05). Seçkin showed lower flavonoid content than all other genotypes including the desi type. The results revealed that despite Turkish genotypes were richer in protein level, desi type was still valuable for its high total phenolic and flavonoid amounts

Resveratrol ameliorates the physiological, biochemical, cytogenetic, and anatomical toxicities induced by copper(II) chloride exposure in Allium cepa L.

WOS: 000501135000018PubMed: 31808086Excessive copper (Cu) exposure ultimately results in toxicosis in all organisms. The protective potential of resveratrol compound against the CuCl2 toxicity was evaluated in Allium cepa L. root tip cells. For this aim, A. cepa bulbs were divided into six groups and the groups were treated with tap water, 400 mg/L resveratrol, 800 mg/L resveratrol, 20 mu M CuCl2, 400 mg/L resveratrol + 20 mu M CuCl2, and 800 mg/L resveratrol + 20 mu M CuCl2 solutions, respectively for 72 h. The first group irrigated with tap water was accepted as control. All groups were screened for the germination percentage, root elongation, total bulb weight gain, micronucleus (MN) frequency, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations, and anatomical changes. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level as an indicator of lipid peroxidation were investigated. It was found that CuCl2 exposure alone triggered a definite negative effects on all parameters examined. On the other hand, the groups treated with resveratrol did not have statistically different values compared to the control group. Resveratrol doses induced a remarkable recovery in growth parameters including germination percentage, root elongation, and total bulb weight gain when applied with CuCl2. In these groups, MN frequency, chromosomal aberrations, and anatomical abnormalities were alleviated, whereas the MI levels increased significantly. Moreover, lipid peroxidation level and antioxidant enzyme activities showed a marked amelioration when resveratrol and CuCl2 were applied together. Copper compounds have become common pollutants due to their direct uses as pesticides in agricultural areas as well as their spreading to natural areas from industrial fields. The study clearly demonstrated the therapeutic potential of resveratrol against the harmful effects of CuCl2 exposure in Allium roots. So, resveratrol could be considered as a plant-derived restorative agent for the reduction of the risks from the other copper compounds.Giresun University Scientific Research UnitGiresun University [FEN-BAP-A-15021920]The present study was supported by the Giresun University Scientific Research Unit (Project No. FEN-BAP-A-15021920)

Protective effects of anthocyanin-rich bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract against copper(II) chloride toxicity

WOS: 000514596300023PubMed: 31745808In this study, the protective effects of 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L doses of anthocyanin-rich bilberry extracts (ABE) against the toxicity caused by 20 mu M copper(II) chloride (CuCl2) on Allium cepa L. were investigated. Alterations in weight gain, germination percentage, and root elongation were evaluated as physiological parameters while micronucleus (MN), mitotic index (MI), and chromosomal abnormality (CA) frequency were studied as cytogenetic parameters. Oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity were analyzed and also damages in root tip meristem cells were determined by cross sections. As a result, it was found that the percentage of germination, weight gain, root length, and MI decreased and the frequency of MN and CAs increased with CuCl2 treatment. CuCl2 exposure caused a significant increase in SOD and CAT activities and MDA levels. A number of anatomical abnormalities and damages were detected in the cross sections of CuCl2-treated roots. On the other hand, ABE applications ameliorated notably all copper-induced damages in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the powerful protective potential of ABE against copper-induced toxicity was proven through an extensive study in a popular plant model.Giresun University Scientific Research UnitGiresun University [FEN-BAP-A-150219-21

Risk assessment of oxidative stress and multiple toxicity induced by Etoxazole

Abstract Etoxazole is among the systemic pesticides with acaricidal and insecticidal characteristics. This paper reports the first evaluation of the toxic effects of Etoxazole on Allium cepa L. Etoxazole solutions were applied to three groups formed from A. cepa bulbs at 0.125 mL/L, 0.25 mL/L and 0.5 mL/L doses, respectively. The control group was treated with tap water throughout the experimental period. The toxic effects of Etoxazole became more apparent as the dose of Etoxazole was increased. The growth-limiting effect was most pronounced in the highest dose group with approximately 29%, 70% and 58.5% reductions in germination percentage, root elongation and weight gain, respectively. The genotoxic effect of Etoxazole was most severe in the 0.5 mL/L dose group. In this group, the mitotic index decreased by 30% compared to the control group, while the micronucleus frequency increased to 45.3 ± 3.74. The most observed aberrations were fragment, vagrant chromosome, sticky chromosome, unequal distribution of chromatin, bridge, reverse polarization and nucleus with vacuoles. The malondialdehyde level showed a gradual increase with increasing Etoxazole doses and reached 2.7 times that of the control group in the 0.5 mL/L Etoxazole applied group. Catalase and Superoxide dismutase activities increased in the groups exposed to 0.125 mL/L and 0.25 mL/L Etoxazole with dose dependence and decreased abruptly in the group treated with 0.5 mL/L Etoxazole. Etoxazole triggered meristematic cell damages, such as epidermis cell damage, thickening of cortex cell walls, flattened cell nucleus and indistinct transmission tissue. Considering the versatile toxicity induced by Etoxazole, we announce that this chemical has the potential to cause serious damage to non-target organisms. It should be noted that the higher the dose of exposure, the more severe the level of damage. This study will be an important reminder to limit the indiscriminate use of this highly risky agrochemical

Gene Technology and Plant Genetic Transformation Methods

Genetik mühendisliği uygulamaları tarla bitkilerinin modern moleküler ıslahında önemli biyoteknolojik araçlar haline gelmiştir. 1990lardan itibaren, bitki hücrelerine yabancı DNA'yı aktarmak için çeşitli yeni ve etkili genetik transformasyon yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Yaygın gen aktarma metodları genellikle doğrudan ve dolaylı transformasyon diye ayrılmaktadır. Her tekniğin belli avantajları ve dezavantajları olsa da, günümüzde transgenik bitkilerin üretimi birçok bitki türü için rutin bir süreç haline gelmiştir. Yine de, tekrarlanabilir bir transformasyon metodu elde edebilmek için ihmal edilmemesi gereken birçok önemli etken vardır. Bu çalışma transgen teknolojisini kısaca gözden geçirmeyi ve bitki genetik transformasyonu için günümüzde kullanılmakta olan metodları yeniden derlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.Genetic engineering applications have become important biotechnological tools in the modern molecular breeding of crops. Since 1990s, various new and efficient genetic transformation methods for delivering exogenous DNA to plant cells have been developed. Common gene insertion methods are usually divided into direct and indirect transformation. Despite each technique has certain advantages and disadvantages, production of transgenic plants has become a routine process for many plant species nowadays. Still, In order to obtain a reproducible transformation methodology, there are many important factors those should not be omitted.This workaims to overview the transgene technology and to review the currently used methods for plant genetic transformation

Giresun dağları Eğribel geçidi alpin çayırlarının florası (Türkiye)

Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin kuzey-doğu bölgesinde yer alan Giresun Dağları Eğribel Geçidi alpin çayırların florasının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma alanı Avrupa-Sibirya fitocoğrafik bölgesinin Kolşik kısmında yer almaktadır. Sonuçlara göre araştırma alanında; 44 familya ve 138 cinse ait toplam 230 takson tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma alanında en fazla takson sayısına sahip üç familya sırasıyla Asteraceae 39 takson (% 17), Poaceae 28 takson (%12.2) ve Fabaceae 18 takson (%7.9)'dir. En zengin cinsler Trifolium L. ve Ranunculus L. (6 takson), üçüncüsü ise Poa L. (5 takson)' dır. Fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımlara bakılırsa, taksonların %32.6' sı Avrupa-Sibirya, %18.3'ü İran-Turan, %3.5'i Akdeniz bölgelerine ait olup, %45.6 'sı ise coğrafi bölgesi bilinmeyen veya birden fazla bölgede yayılış gösterenlerdir. Taksonların hayat formlarına göre oranları sırasıyla şöyledir: hemikriptofit %54.4, kriptofit %21.3, kamefit %13.5, terofit %10.4 ve fanerofit %0.4. Endemizm oranı %12.2 (28 takson)'durIn this study it was aimed to determine floristic composition of alpine grasslands of Eğribel Pass in the Giresun Mountains in North-Eastern part of Turkey. The study area belongs to the Colchic Province of the Euro-Siberian phytogeographical region. The vascular flora of Eğribel Pass was studied between 2014 and 2016. According to the results, in the study area 230 taxa belonging to 138 genera and 44 families were identified. The richest 3 families are Asteraceae with 39 taxa (17%), Poaceae with 28 taxa (12.2%) and Fabaceae with 18 taxa (7.9%). The richest genera are Trifolium L. and Ranunculus L. (6 taxa), followed by Poa L. (5 taxa). With 32.6% of the plants belonging to the EuroSiberian Region, 18.3% are of the Irano-Turanian, 3.5% are of the Mediterranean and with 45.6% of the pluriregional or unknown. The life-form ratio of the taxa was as follows: hemicryptophytes 54.4%, cryptophytes 21.3%, chamaephytes 13.5%, therophytes 10.4% and phanerophytes 0.4%. The endemism ratio is 12.2% (28 taxa

Yerfıstığı (arachis hypogaea l.) genotiplerinin bazı besinsel ve antioksidan parametreler bakımından değerlendirilmesi

The objective of this study was to investigate some nutritional andantioxidant parameters of six different peanut genotypes grown in Turkey.Unshelled seed extracts were used for analyses. The skins of the seeds were notpeeled. The crude protein and the crude oil amounts, fatty acid compositions, thetotal phenolic and flavonoid contents and the total antioxidant capacities wereinvestigated. The crude oil contents of seeds ranged from 43.9 to 45.9%. On theother hand, the crude protein contents varied between 26.9 and 30.6%. Thehighest protein percentage was determined in NC-7 seeds. The crude oil contentsof the genotypes were not different statistically. Oleic acid was the most plentifulfatty acid in all genotypes and followed by linoleic acid, palmitic, stearic andlinolenic acids, respectively. The highest oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio was found inNC-7 and DA35/2011. Data obtained from the total phenolic and the totalflavonoid analyses had similar manners for each genotype. NC-7 and DA35-2011were the poorest genotypes in the total phenolic and flavonoid levels. With regardsto the ABTS. radical scavenging activity, the most powerful genotypes wereGazipaşa and Sultan. Our study showed that the more phenolic content gave rise tothe more antioxidant capacity for each genotype.Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de yetiştirilen altı farklı yerfıstığı genotipininbazı besinsel ve antioksidan parametrelerini araştırmaktır. Analizler için kabuksuztohum özütleri kullanılmıştır. Tohumların iç kabukları soyulmamıştır. Ham proteinve ham yağ miktarları, yağ asidi kompozisyonları, toplam fenolik ve flavonoidiçerikleri ile toplam antioksidan kapasiteleri araştırılmıştır. Tohumların ham yağiçerikleri %43.9’dan %45.9’a kadar sıralanmıştır. Öte yandan, ham proteiniçerikleri %26.9 ile 30.6 arasında değişim göstermiştir. En yüksek protein yüzdesiNC-7 tohumlarında belirlenmiştir. Genotiplerin ham yağ içerikleri istatistikselolarak farklı değildi. Oleik asit tüm genotiplerde en çok bulunan yağ asidi olmuş vebunu sırasıyla linoleik asit, palmitik asit, stearik asit ve linolenik asit takip etmiştir.En yüksek oleik asit/linoleik asit oranı NC-7 ve DA35/2011’de gözlenmiştir.Toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid analizlerinden elde edilen veriler her birgenotip için benzerdir. NC-7 ve DA35-2011 toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoidiçerikleri açısından en fakir genotiplerdir. ABTS. radikal süpürme aktivitesinegöre, en güçlü genotipler Gazipaşa ve Sultan’dır. Çalışmamız, daha fazla fenolikiçeriğin her bir genotip için daha fazla antioksidan kapasiteye yol açtığınıgöstermiştir