Black Teen\u27s Experiences of Victimization In Dating Relationships: Assessment of Risk and Protective Factors and Outcomes

Approximately 10% of male and 21% of female high school students report having experienced physical and/or sexual victimization in a dating relationship (Vagi et al., 2015). Multiple sources report that Black/African American teens have the highest rates of teen dating violence (TDV) victimization (CDC, 2017; Eaton et al., 2012). Data for this study comes from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBSS) collected from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 2015, 2017, and 2019. A limited but growing field of research examines the effects of risk behaviors on TDV among teens. Among Black teens, the present study uses path analysis to (1) analyze the risk factors (e.g., early initiation of risky behaviors, violent behaviors, risky sexual behaviors, substance use, and risky driving behaviors) of TDV victimization (2) determine if a positive school environment can help to prevent TDV victimization and (3) determine the mental health outcomes of TDV victimization. Findings indicated that all early and current risk behaviors included in the study were associated with TDV, and the early risk behaviors mediated the relationship between TDV and mental health outcomes. At the same time, a positive school environment did not serve as a protective factor. Findings provide insights into the complex relationship between early and current risk behaviors, mental health outcomes, and TDV victimization – to better understand the opportunities for the development of prevention and intervention programs geared around early and current risk behaviors, mental health, and TDV victimization specific to Black teens

Labour tenancy and the land clearances at Pilgrims Rest

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented June 1985Towards the end of August 1951, the manager of Transvaal Gold Mining Estates (TGME) wrote to Rand Mines asking for advice on a 'very embarrassing matter'. The problem he faced was one of difficulty in obtaining continued permission for African tenants to reside on his company's farms in the Pilgrims Rest district. Unless it was possible to continue to obtain such permission, he wrote, 'the effect on the native labour force, both as regards quantity and quality, may be serious and grow progressively worse'. Thus commenced a struggle over the occupation and use of the land which endured for more than two decades, and ended with the final expulsion of the people in 1972. As in so many other land clearances, most people from the farms ultimately found themselves in squalid circumstances, deprived of access to farmland and excluded from the benefits of agricultural progress. As in forced relocation elsewhere in South Africa, legal provisions, courts and the power of the state were all beyond the control of the people affected. But whatever its outcome, the story of the people of these farms is by no means simply one of the 'apartheid state' bulldozing its hapless victims into an inevitable submission. This complex conflict variously pitted the company, the state and the people on the farms against one another, with variations of texture in the actions of various parties and subtle divisions within the state and the company as well as the farm communities

'Forget democracy, build houses': negotiating the shape of the city tomorrow

Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: Democracy, Popular Precedents, Practice and Culture, 13-15 July, 1994

Honouring our urban past and visiting the future: notes on the Pilgrims Rest and Kimberley Mine Museums

Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: Myths, Monuments, Museums; New Premises? 16-18 July, 199

Strikes in the Cape Colony, 1854-1899

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented May 1983Prior to the eighteen fifties, southern Africa was almost totally devoid of the elements of a modern capitalist economy. But it was in that decade that some of the familiar features of capitalism began to show themselves in the Cape Colony. The beginnings of industrial copper mining in Namaqualand, coupled with speculation and the cycle of boom and bust provide examples. The decade of the fifties also seems to have brought the first instance of that classic form of struggle in capitalist society: a strike by wage-workers. Much of the historical literature leaves the impression that the era of industrial capitalism in southern Africa commenced with the mining of gold on the Witwatersrand. The roots of this development in the Kimberley diamond mines seldom receive more than passing recognition. The progress of accumulation, and the struggles between workers and employers in the rest of the Cape Colony before (or, for that matter, after) 1899 have received almost no attention. Gottshalk's note on the 'earliest known strikes by black workers' and Purkis' thesis on railways stand alone in detailing some of the strikes which marked the extension of wage labour in the Cape in the second half of the nineteenth century. It was also the unfulfilled hope of John Smalberger to write an article on early strikes, and materials in his papers deposited posthumously in the library at the University of Cape Town provide valuable pointers on the subject. Smalberger seems to have been under the impression that the earliest strikes were conducted by black workers. Yet, the first recorded strike — that of the Cape Town boatmen in 1854 - was a strike of all the port's boat workers: one cannot distinguish in the records between black and white. As the division of labour became more complex and the nature of workplace struggles more varied, the separation of black and white workers developed. Particularly from the 1870s onward, strikes reflected this separation. But strikes can also be seen as part of the process of shaping these divisions. Different issues of class, race and sex overlapped and intersected in these early South African workers' actions. This article outlines the history of the (known) strikes in the Cape Colony from 1854 to 1899. The intention is to demonstrate the extent to which workers have found it necessary to resort to strike action throughout the history of wage labour in southern Africa, and to point to the ways in which complex social processes were reflected, reproduced and created in these workplace struggles. In order to situate the material which follows, the first sections survey the economic context of the Cape Colony, 1850 to 1899. The geographical limits of the study are determined by the area brought under the sway of a single state — the Cape colonial state — in the period before the Anglo-Boer War brought the states of South Africa into a far closer relationship than the economic development of capitalism alone had done

What is the South African Planning Journal, and what will it strive to achieve?

What is the South African Planning Journal, and what will it strive to achieve

Using spreadsheet optimisation facilities as a decision aid within the theory of constraints framework

This paper seeks to bridge the gap between managers and management science (MS) models by demonstrating how to use a computer spreadsheet to explore common managerial issues such as product mix and resource allocation. In the past, managers may have been put off by the complexity and user-unfriendliness of many MS models. However the advent of spreadsheets has opened up access to these models in a user-friendly way. This paper demonstrates how to set up a spreadsheet to explore issues such as how to make the most effective use of scarce resources. Using the optimisation capabilities of spreadsheets, this question can be answered in minutes. Sensitivity and answer reports are generated automatically, which give the user much information about the quality of the solution. While Excel will be used for this demonstration, the general approach is similar for other spreadsheet packages such as Quattro Pro. The paper also shows how the use of MS models can be embedded in the wider Theory of Constraints (Goldratt), for fuller benefits and understanding. This approach has been applied to a local company who have gained fresh insights into their operations

"Land, class, and power in peripheral mining communities: Indwe 1880-1920"

Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: The Making of Class, 9-14 February, 198

Recession and its aftermath: The Cape Colony in the eighteen eighties

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented 27 August 1984The urban and industrial transformation of South Africa is commonly considered to have begun with the discoveries of diamonds in 1867 and of gold in 1886. Among the components of that transformation were the reorientations on two occasions of the economies of the coastal colonies of the Cape and Natal towards 'emerging economic centres of gravity1 at Kimberley and Johannesburg. The diversion to the interior of capital investment in the late nineteenth century has been paralleled by the focus of much late twentieth century historiography, which has - with exceptions - been concerned more with events after than before the opening of the Witwatersrand gold fields, and which has seldom explored the economic conditions prevailing in the coastal colonies prior to that moment. It seems to be taken for granted that the mineral 'discoveries' should have been followed by so unusual a reorientation of the pre-existing geography: not once,' but twice: first to the diamond fields, then to the Transvaal. The geological occurrence or geographical location of minerals substitutes for explanation of movements of money, people and materials. Yet as Atmore and Marks hinted, following a theme suggested by Blainey, minerals were discovered 'by no means entirely accidentally' at particular moments in the sixties and the eighties.The timing and the geography of the economic expansions of which mineral discoveries and evelopment formed a part are subjects which both history and historical geography have left uncharted. This paper is concerned with the economic conditions prevailing in the Cape Colony in the early eighties, immediately prior to the opening of the Witwatersrand mines. Its first section charts the course of recession from 1881 to 1886. The remainder of the paper considers the consequences of the depression in the Cape Colony and its association with certain other factors in South African development at the time. Its last two sections analyse the various forces, arising before and during the recession, which both encouraged and opposed northward expansion from the Cape Colony

Between Zevenfontein and Hillbrow: Alternatives for South African urban planning

Recent events on the periphery and in the inner cities of the central Witwatersrand and other metropolitan areas point to great changes under way in the process of urban expansion in South Africa. For several decades the highly controlled system of private suburban development accounted for most geographical extension of our cities, with public development of low- income black areas making up much of the rest. But conflict over the residen­tial place of poorer citizens, as in the Zevenfontein-Chartwell-Diepsloot-Bloubosrand saga, indicates that the historical processes of expansion may not persist for much longer