The 1958–2009 Greenland ice sheet surface melt and the mid-tropospheric atmospheric circulation

peer reviewedaudience: researcherIn order to assess the impact of the mid-tropospheric circulation over the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) on surface melt, as simulated by the regional climate model MAR, an automatic Circulation type classification (CTC) based on 500 hPa geopotential height from reanalyses is developed. General circulation correlates significantly with the surface melt anomalies for the summers in the period 1958–2009. The record surface melt events observed during the summers of 2007–2009 are linked to the exceptional persistence of atmospheric circulations favouring warm air advection. The CTC emphasizes that summer 500 hPa circulation patterns have changed since the beginning of the 2000s; this process is partly responsible for the recent warming observed over the GrIS

Загальні відомості про рельєф та відклади Бердянської і Білосарайської кіс Азовського моря

Бердянська і Білосарайська коси мають форму майже рівностороннього трикутника з причленованими до звернених до моря вершин вузьких смуг суші, які ще далі вдаються в море

Belgium

Special Issue: Political data yearbook (2003)FLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Belgium

Special Issue: Political data yearbook (2004)FLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Belgium

Special Issue: Political data yearbook (2002)FLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The adaptation of the electoral system to the ethno-linguistic evolution of Belgian consociationalism

Complying with the idea that institutions could be used “to manage conflict democratically in divided societies” (Belmont et al. 2002, p. 3), the Belgian state has reformed its institutions in the past 40 years to accommodate ethno-linguistic tensions between Dutchspeakers and French-speakers. While less frequently mentioned, electoral rules have also been adapted to this ‘ethnicization’ of Belgian politics. Interestingly, changes made to the electoral system for managing tensions between the two linguistic communities followed the core principles of consociationalism. This observation supports the idea that, when an existing pattern of conflict resolution has existed in a country for decades, it tends to remain the guiding line to accommodate tensions even when new types of conflicts emerge.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe