Terpenoid biotransformations by Mucor species

Terpenoids are natural products of great interest due to their widespread use in agrochemicals, drugs, fragrances, flavouring and pigments. Biocatalysts are increasingly being used in the search for new derivatives with improved properties especially to obtain structurally novel leads for new drugs which are difficult to obtain using conventional organic chemical methods. This review, covering up to the end of 2012, reports on the application of Mucor species as catalysts in terpenoid biotransformation to obtain new drug targets, enhance pharmacological activity or decrease the unwanted effects of starting material

DEVELOPMENT OF EMPIRICAL FORMULA FOR INFLUENCE OF CAVITIES ON SEEPAGE UNDER SHEET PILE WALL FOR HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

 The research presents an experimental study of the interaction between cavity and adjacent hydraulic structure in sandy soil. Experimental studies were performed to investigate the effects of the different factors (such as cavity locations and size of the cavity) on the quantity of the seepage, steady time and  flow line .        Different sizes and locations of the cavity are investigated in flow media. It was found the diameter of the cavity is an important parameter.     Dimensional analysis techniques and (STATISTICA) program were used for finding new formula with based on the experimental data, which are used to compute the quantity of seepage.     This formula was derived to predict the quantity of the seepage in terms of spacing between the sheet pile wall and center of the cavity in upstream and downstream zones, spacing between water level and center of the cavity in upstream and downstream zones

Effect of Presence of Single Cavity Upstream Side of Sheet Pile Wall on Steady Time and Quantity of Seepage

When the sheet pile is used as the reservoir wall or retains the action of saturated fills and cuts for construction works, it will be certain that the seepage occurs from the back side (retained side) to the working place (opposite side). Often, the rate of seepage and its quantity in homogenous strata depends mainly on the permeability of soil. However, the presence of cavity certainly has a direct impact on trend, steady time, and the quantity of seepage. The present study considered a preliminary attempt to measure this impact through physical model. Eighteen model tests are conducted to study the effect of different locations and diameters (size) of single cavity on the seepage problem when it is presented at upstream side (back side) of the sheet pile wall. Period of completion every model test ranged from four to seven days. The start time of seepage when the water began to flow from the downstream side (working place) ranged between 13min and 26min, which depended on the location of cavity and its size. However, the results show that the quantities of seepage generally increase with the smallest size of a cavity and with the farthest horizontal distance from the sheet pile. The maximum quantity has been recorded when the cavity is located at the same level of sheet pile end