A Bi-Hamiltonian Formulation for Triangular Systems by Perturbations

A bi-Hamiltonian formulation is proposed for triangular systems resulted by perturbations around solutions, from which infinitely many symmetries and conserved functionals of triangular systems can be explicitly constructed, provided that one operator of the Hamiltonian pair is invertible. Through our formulation, four examples of triangular systems are exhibited, which also show that bi-Hamiltonian systems in both lower dimensions and higher dimensions are many and varied. Two of four examples give local 2+1 dimensional bi-Hamiltonian systems and illustrate that multi-scale perturbations can lead to higher-dimensional bi-Hamiltonian systems.Comment: 16 pages, to appear in J. Math. Phy

Deformations of Closed Strings and Topological Open Membranes

We study deformations of topological closed strings. A well-known example is the perturbation of a topological closed string by itself, where the associative OPE product is deformed, and which is governed by the WDVV equations. Our main interest will be closed strings that arise as the boundary theory for topological open membranes, where the boundary string is deformed by the bulk membrane operators. The main example is the topological open membrane theory with a nonzero 3-form field in the bulk. In this case the Lie bracket of the current algebra is deformed, leading in general to a correction of the Jacobi identity. We identify these deformations in terms of deformation theory. To this end we describe the deformation of the algebraic structure of the closed string, given by the BRST operator, the associative product and the Lie bracket. Quite remarkably, we find that there are three classes of deformations for the closed string, two of which are exemplified by the WDVV theory and the topological open membrane. The third class remains largely mysterious, as we have no explicit example.Comment: 50 pages, LaTeX; V2: minor changes, 2 references added, V3: typos corrected, signs added, modified discussion on higher correlator

Time-Dependent Symmetries of Variable-Coefficient Evolution Equations and Graded Lie Algebras

Polynomial-in-time dependent symmetries are analysed for polynomial-in-time dependent evolution equations. Graded Lie algebras, especially Virasoro algebras, are used to construct nonlinear variable-coefficient evolution equations, both in 1+1 dimensions and in 2+1 dimensions, which possess higher-degree polynomial-in-time dependent symmetries. The theory also provides a kind of new realisation of graded Lie algebras. Some illustrative examples are given.Comment: 11 pages, latex, to appear in J. Phys. A: Math. Ge

Will mobile video become the killer application for 3G? - an empirical model for media convergence

Mobile carriers have continually rolled out 3G mobile video applications to increase their revenue and profits. The presumption is that video is superior to the already successful SMS, ringtones, and pictures, and can create greater value to users. However, recent market surveys revealed contradicting results. Motivated by this discrepancy, we propose in this paper a parsimonious model for user acceptance of mobile entertainment as digital convergence. Integrating research on Information Systems, Flow, and Media Psychology, we take a unique approach to user acceptance of digital convergence - platform migration. Our key proposition is that the interaction between media types and the platform-specific constraints is the key determinant of user evaluation. Particularly, users' involvement in the media is determined by both the entertaining time span on the original platform and the attentional constraint of the new platform. The mismatch between the two spans can result in lower level involvement, which in turn cause no or even negative user emotional responses. The model was tested with empirical data. We discuss the theoretical contributions, strategic and design implications, and future research directions derived from this theoretical framewor

Probing CP-violating Higgs contributions in gamma-gamma -> f anti-f through fermion polarization

We discuss the use of fermion polarization for studying neutral Higgs bosons at a photon collider. To this aim we construct polarization asymmetries which can isolate the contribution of a Higgs boson $\phi$ in $\gamma\gamma\to f \bar f$, $f=\tau/t$, from that of the QED continuum. This can help in getting information on the $\gamma\gamma\phi$ coupling in case $\phi$ is a CP eigenstate. We also construct CP-violating asymmetries which can probe CP mixing in case $\phi$ has indeterminate CP. Furthermore, we take the MSSM with CP violation as an example to demonstrate the potential of these asymmetries in a numerical analysis. We find that these asymmetries are sensitive to the presence of a Higgs boson as well as its CP properties over a wide range of MSSM parameters. In particular, the method suggested can cover the region where a light Higgs boson may have been missed by LEP due to CP violation in the Higgs sector, and may be missed as well at the LHC.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, typeset in revtex4. Version which has appeared in Physical Review D; typos in two references correcte

Anyon condensation, topological quantum information scrambling, and Andreev-like reflection of non-Abelian anyons in quantum Hall interfaces

Quantum information scrambling is the spread of local information into correlation throughout the entire quantum many-body system. This concept has become a central topic in different contexts. In this work, we restate the connection between anyon condensation and topological quantum information scrambling in quantum Hall interfaces. We consider the interface between the Abelian Halperin-330 state and the non-Abelian Read-Rezayi state. We verify explicitly that the interface can be fully gapped. This allows the transmutation of local pseudospin information carried by an Abelian anyon into topological information stored entirely by the anyons in the non-Abelian quantum Hall liquid, with no scrambled information stored at the interface. In combination with our previous work [K. K. W. Ma and K. Yang, Phys. Rev. B 105, 045306 (2022)], our results demonstrate the dependence of the scrambling mechanism on the gapfulness of the interface. Possible Andreev-like reflection of non-Abelian anyons in the fully gapped interface is also discussed.Comment: References on the possible Andreev-like reflection of electrons in interacting one-dimensional wires are adde