Semantics of Non-Doxastic Attitude Ascriptions from Experimental Perspective

The paper presents novel experimental data regarding reports of non-doxastic attitudes (expressed by verbs such as “wants”, “fear”, “is glad”, and etc.) As observed by some theorists, non-doxastic attitude ascriptions differ from the ascriptions of doxastic attitudes (e.g., “believes”) in that they do not support simple entailments or presuppositions of their complement clause. In particular, an ascription may intuitively change its truth-value if we alter the informational structure of the embedded clause without modifying its truth conditions. We present two experiments whose results support this observation. Experiment 1 shows that the truth-value and acceptability judgements of non-doxastic attitude ascriptions in a context generally depend on the informational structure of the embedded clause. Experiment 2 reveals that the truth-value judgements vary if we manipulate not only the “presupposition-assertion” structure of embedded clause, but also the components related to non-presuppositional entailments of the clause. This conclusion suggests that the contents on which attitude verbs operate should be represented as structured entities

Gry jako moralne laboratorium. Gamifikacja dylematów moralnych bezzałogowych samochodów

The aim of this paper is to identify potential dangers and benefits of investigating moral intuitions about the autonomous vehicles (AVs), using gamified research tools. We argue that computer games facilitate constructing more ecologically valid experiments. Due to the increased validity, the experimental outcomes can represent the real-life mechanisms of decision-making more faithfully. Data extracted in this manner could be used in implementation of ‘moral modules’ in AVs built in the real world. In our paper we analyze selected experimental setups that use game-like elements and assess them in the light of current literature regarding the algorithmization of ethics and implementability of ethical frameworks in machines. We also show how this problem can be interpreted in an overarching conceptual scheme of Floridi’s ‘information ethics’.Celem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie potencjalnych korzyści oraz zagrożeń związanych z badaniem dylematów moralnych dotyczących autonomicznych pojazdów za pomocą gier i zgamifikowanych narzędzi badawczych. Gry komputerowe dają naszym zdaniem możliwość skonstruowania bardziej ekologiczne trafnych eksperymentów. Dzięki zwiększonej trafności, wyniki eksperymentów mogą lepiej odzwierciedlać rzeczywiste mechanizmy podejmowania decyzji moralnych. Dane w nich uzyskane mogą posłużyć w implementacji „modułów moralnych” w bezzałogowych pojazdach. W artykule analizujemy wybrane eksperynty wykorzystujace elementy gier komputerowych. Analizy te zestawiamy z dostępnymi w literaturze podejściami do problemu algorytmizacji etyki oraz implementacji moralności w autonomicznych maszynach. Pokazujemy również, jak można wpisać ten problem w bardziej ogólny schemat „etyki informacji” zaproponowany przez Floridiego

Explanations of the Knobe Effect in the Context of a Conflict of Norms

In a famous study, Joshua Knobe (2003) found an asymmetry in the way people ascribe intentional action. We discuss two explanations of this phenomenon: a psychological one formulated by Knobe himself and the so-called Omissions Account proposed by Katarzyna Paprzycka (2016a), and then describe an empirical study we have conducted into lay judgments of the intentionality of actions performed by agents facing a conflict of norms. While neither account in its present form explains our data, we argue that a modification of Paprzycka’s solution has the conceptual resources to deal with them. By contrast, a similar modification of Knobe’s proposal is highly implausible

Linguistic Sensitivity of Experimental Philosophy

Our interest in this paper is to analyse the assumptions that underlie various programmes of experimental philosophy. In particular, we argue that they radically differ when it comes to the character of their objects and goals: the only thing they share is the acceptance of some kind of experimental method. Focusing on the Knobe Effect and the lack of a Polish adverb that could serve as the exact equivalent of the English word "intentionally", we show how our own findings on various language means used by Polish speakers to ascribe intentionality pose a challenge to most of the discussed approaches in experimental philosophy

Accelerated CREP -- Replication of Turri, Buckwalter, Blouw (2015) at the University of Warsaw

Direct Replication of Turri, Buckwalter, Blouw (2015) at the University of Warsaw conducted as part of Accelerated CRE

Non-Doxastic Attitude Reports, Information Structure, and Semantic-Pragmatic Interface

Wojciech Rostworowski, Katarzyna Kuś, Bartosz Maćkiewicz, "Non-Doxastic Attitude Reports, Information Structure, and Semantic-Pragmatic Interface" (forthcoming in "Review of Philosophy and Psychology"