Expression of the Inhibitory Receptor TIGIT Is Up-Regulated Specifically on NK Cells With CD226 Activating Receptor From HIV-Infected Individuals

Natural killer (NK) cells are important for maintenance of innate immune system stability and serve as a first line of defense against tumors and virus infections; they can act either directly or indirectly and are regulated via co-operation between inhibitory and stimulatory surface receptors. The recently reported inhibitory receptor, TIGIT, can be expressed on the NK cell surface; however, the expression level and function of TIGIT on NK cells during HIV infection is unknown. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the expression and function of TIGIT in NK cells from HIV-infected individuals. Our data demonstrate that the level of TIGIT is higher on NK cells from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared with HIV-negative healthy controls. TIGIT expression is inversely correlated with CD4+ T cell counts and positively correlated with plasma viral loads. Additionally, levels of the TIGIT ligand, CD155, were higher on CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected individuals compared with those from healthy controls; however, there was no difference in the level of the activating receptor, CD226, which recognizes the same ligands as TIGIT. Furthermore, TIGIT was found to specifically up-regulated on CD226+ NK cells in HIV-infected individuals, and either rIL-10, or rIL-12 + rIL-15, could induce TIGIT expression on these cells. In addition, high TIGIT expression inhibited the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by NK cells, while TIGIT inhibition restored IFN-γ production. Overall, these results highlight the important role of TIGIT in NK cell function and suggest a potential new avenue for the development of therapeutic strategies toward a functional cure for HIV

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Pareuchiloglanis kamengensis in the Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet

Pareuchiloglanis kamengensis belongs to the family of Sisoridae, Pareuchiloglanis. It is distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River, the Irrawaddy River, the Nujiang River, and the Lancang River in southwestern China. In this study, we first published the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Pareuchiloglanis kamengensis, which was 16,589 bp in length. This genome consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a non-coding A + T-rich region. The PCGs start with a traditional ATG except for COX1 and NAD3, which start with GTG and ATA instead, respectively, and end with stop codon TAA, TAG, TA, or a single T base. All tRNA have the typical clover-leaf structure. The phylogenetic tree of the whole mitogenome sequence is constructed by using neighbor-joining (NJ) method and the phylogenetic relationship among the family Sisoridae is further analyzed. We except to provide the theoretical basis for the further study of the phylogenetic relationship, taxonomic status, and conservation and management of genetic resources of Sisoridae catfishes

Posture and Dynamics Analysis of Hydraulic Support with Joint Clearance under Impact Load

A hydraulic support is one of the key pieces of equipment in a fully mechanized coal-mining face. The shaft is seriously worn due to repeated support shifting in coal-mining operations, and the hydraulic support bears a large amount of impact load in the support process, leading to a threat to its dynamic stability. In order to study the impact load on the posture and dynamics of a hydraulic support, and considering the joint clearance of the hydraulic-support hinge point, based on the dynamics software Adams, the equivalent variable-stiffness damping system is used to replace the column, and the impact analysis model of the hydraulic support with joint clearance is established. The roof pressure is vertically applied to the load balance area of the top beam by static load, and the impact load is vertically applied to the top beam downward. Based on the above model, considering the different distributions of joint clearance, research about the influence of joint clearance on the posture and dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic support is carried out. The results show that when there is joint clearance on both sides of the hydraulic support, when the top beam bears the impact load, the X-axis PMR (position movement ratio) at different positions of the top beam is more than 80%, and the forward-tilt posture is obvious. When the hydraulic support has only unilateral clearance, the front end of the top beam bears the impact load, and the front end of the top beam moves laterally, while the rear end of the top beam mainly moves longitudinally. When the end of the top beam bears the impact load, the vertical PMR of the top beam is less than 1%. When the impact load acts on the side with joint clearance, the top beam has a certain degree of lateral offset, and the offset directions on both sides of the top beam are inconsistent. At this time, the top beam presents a torsional-bearing posture. When the front end of the top beam is loaded, the mechanical curve of each hinge point is higher than the rear-end load. For the hinge point on the side without clearance, the maximum load-fluctuation coefficient reaches 1.04, while for the hinge point on the side with clearance, the minimum load is 0 kN, which will mean some hinge points cannot to play a supporting role. The analysis results will be helpful to research hydraulic supports considering joint clearance

Analysis of Mechanical-Hydraulic Cooperative Response of Hydraulic Support Under Roof Rotary Impact

Hydraulic support is a collaborative bearing equipment with hydraulic transmission power and mechanical bearing load. The method of the mechanical-hydraulic co-simulation model is used to discuss the response difference of hydraulic support in the process of roof rotation. Based on this model, the variation law of hydraulic support is analyzed by changing the rotation velocities of the roof. Then, by changing the discharge flow of relief valves at the column, the energy unloading characteristics of the column are discussed. The results demonstrate that with an increase in the roof rotary velocity, the pressure and flow peaks of the column increase continuously (the increase multiples of pressure and flow peaks are 123% and 51%, respectively). The tendency of load variation at different locations of hinge points appears to be varied. Lastly, this paper increases the discharge flow of the relief valve to shorten the energy unloading time (by 1.5 s) and reduce the load at the hinge point. This approach helps reduce the probability of damage to the hydraulic support and prolongs its life

Posture and Dynamics Analysis of Hydraulic Support with Joint Clearance under Impact Load

A hydraulic support is one of the key pieces of equipment in a fully mechanized coal-mining face. The shaft is seriously worn due to repeated support shifting in coal-mining operations, and the hydraulic support bears a large amount of impact load in the support process, leading to a threat to its dynamic stability. In order to study the impact load on the posture and dynamics of a hydraulic support, and considering the joint clearance of the hydraulic-support hinge point, based on the dynamics software Adams, the equivalent variable-stiffness damping system is used to replace the column, and the impact analysis model of the hydraulic support with joint clearance is established. The roof pressure is vertically applied to the load balance area of the top beam by static load, and the impact load is vertically applied to the top beam downward. Based on the above model, considering the different distributions of joint clearance, research about the influence of joint clearance on the posture and dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic support is carried out. The results show that when there is joint clearance on both sides of the hydraulic support, when the top beam bears the impact load, the X-axis PMR (position movement ratio) at different positions of the top beam is more than 80%, and the forward-tilt posture is obvious. When the hydraulic support has only unilateral clearance, the front end of the top beam bears the impact load, and the front end of the top beam moves laterally, while the rear end of the top beam mainly moves longitudinally. When the end of the top beam bears the impact load, the vertical PMR of the top beam is less than 1%. When the impact load acts on the side with joint clearance, the top beam has a certain degree of lateral offset, and the offset directions on both sides of the top beam are inconsistent. At this time, the top beam presents a torsional-bearing posture. When the front end of the top beam is loaded, the mechanical curve of each hinge point is higher than the rear-end load. For the hinge point on the side without clearance, the maximum load-fluctuation coefficient reaches 1.04, while for the hinge point on the side with clearance, the minimum load is 0 kN, which will mean some hinge points cannot to play a supporting role. The analysis results will be helpful to research hydraulic supports considering joint clearance

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Glyptothorax annandalei in the Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet

Glyptothorax annandalei belongs to the family of Sisoridae, Glyptothorax. It is distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River of southwestern China. In this study, we first published the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Glyptothorax annandalei, which was 16,541 bp in length. This genome consists of two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and a putative control region. The overall base composition was for A(31.25%,) for T(25.67%), for C(27.66%), for G(15.42%). The PCGs start with a traditional ATG except for COX1 start with GTG, respectively, and end with stop codon TAA, TAG, or a single T base. All tRNA have the typical clover-leaf structure. The phylogenetic tree of the whole mitogenome sequence is constructed by maximum likelihood (ML) method and the phylogenetic relationship among the family Sisoridae is further analyzed. We expect to provide the theoretical basis for the further study of the phylogenetic relationship, taxonomic status, conservation and management of genetic resources of Sisoridae catfishes

Dynamic Adsorption Properties of Insoluble Humic Acid/Tourmaline Composite Particles for Iron and Manganese in Mine Wastewater

Iron- and manganese-contaminated mine water is widespread around the world, and economical and efficient remediation has become a priority. Insoluble humic acid/tourmaline composite particles (IHA/TM) were prepared by combining inorganic tourmaline (TM) with the natural organic polymer humic acid (HA), and the effects of different calcination temperatures and calcination times of TM and IHA on the adsorption of Fe2+ and Mn2+ were analyzed. Based on the microscopic characterization of Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Brunnauer–Emmet–Teller (BET), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), the simultaneous adsorption performance of IHA/TM on Fe2+ and Mn2+ was studied through dynamic adsorption tests, and a dynamic adsorption model was established. Adsorption regeneration experiments were carried out to further investigate the effectiveness of the composite particles in practical applications. The results show that, when the calcination temperature was 330 °C and the calcination time was 90 min, the removal rates of iron and manganese by the IHA/TM composite particles reached 99.85% and 99.51%, respectively. The curves for penetration of Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions into the IHA/TM composite particles were affected by the bed height, flow rate and influent concentration. Decreasing the flow rate, decreasing the influent concentration, or increasing the bed height prolonged the operation time of the dynamic column. If the bed height was too low, the penetration point was reached before the expected treatment was achieved, and when the bed height was too high, the removal of Fe2+ and Mn2+ was slow, and the utilization rate of the adsorbent was also reduced. If the flow rate was too low, longitudinal remixing easily occurred in the column. However, when the flow rate was too high, the speed of Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions passing through the adsorption layer increased, which reduced the total amount of adsorption. The increase in influent concentration not only reduces the removal rate, but also greatly shortens the total operation time of the dynamic column and reduces the treatment water. The dynamic process for the adsorption of Fe2+ and Mn2+ by IHA/TM was fitted best by the Thomas model. The adsorption column was continuously regenerated five times, and the results show that the IHA/TM composite particles were suitable for iron and manganese removal from mine wastewater. The research results will provide a reference for the effectiveness of the IHA/TM composite particles in practical applications