Experimental investigation of methane adsorption and desorption in water-bearing shale

 Methane adsorption and desorption in shale can significantly be affected by water due to the water-bearing depositional environment of shale and the application of hydraulic fracturing technology in shale gas production. The characteristics of shale gas adsorption and desorption are comprehensively affected by the temperature, pressure, and especially, the water content in the reservoir. To further explore the impact of water on shale gas adsorption and desorption, the adsorption-desorption experiments of methane in water-bearing shale at different temperatures and different pressures are performed. Afterward, the adsorption behavior and desorption hysteresis are characterized by employing the Langmuir model and Langmuir+λ model. Finally, the ways of the pressure, temperature, and water combinedly affect shale gas adsorption behavior and desorption hysteresis are analyzed. The results show that adsorption and desorption of methane in the water-bearing shale are irreversible, which are consistent with the Langmuir model and the Langmuir+λ model, respectively. An increase in temperature will reduce adsorption and promote desorption, as an increase in temperature essentially enhances the thermal movement of methane molecules. Water lowers the adsorption and desorption of methane in shale, as the water molecules occupy the adsorption sites in organic pores and clay mineral pores in different ways. However, the effect of temperature and water content on adsorption is closely related to the pressure. The lower the pressure, the more significant the effect of temperature and water content. The combined effect analysis demonstrates that the impact of water on methane adsorption in shale is much more significant than that of the temperature. Still, desorption is simultaneously affected by both temperature and water content. As the pressure decreases in the desorption process, the desorption rate is dominantly affected by water when the pressure is lower than 8 MPa, and the desorption rate is aggressively affected by temperature when the pressure is at above 8 MPa.Cited as: Li, A., Han, W., Fang, Q., Memon, A., Ma, M. Experimental investigation of methane adsorption and desorption in water-bearing shale. Capillarity, 2020, 3(3), 45-55, doi: 10.46690/capi.2020.03.0

Prediction of fully metallic {\sigma}-bonded boron framework induced high superconductivity above 100 K in thermodynamically stable Sr2B5 at 40 GPa

Metal borides have been considered as potential high-temperature superconductors since the discovery of record-holding 39 K superconductivity in bulk MgB2. In this work, we identified a superconducting yet thermodynamically stable F43m Sr2B5 at 40 GPa with a unique covalent sp3-hybridized boron framework through extensive first-principles structure searches. Remarkably, solving the anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg equations resulted in a high superconducting critical temperature (Tc) around 100 K, exceeding the boiling point (77 K) of liquid nitrogen. Our in-depth analysis revealed that the high-temperature superconductivity mainly originates from the strong coupling between the metalized {\sigma}-bonded electronic bands and E phonon modes of boron atoms. Moreover, anharmonic phonon simulations suggest that F43m Sr2B5 might be recovered to ambient pressure. Our current findings provide a prototype structure with a full {\sigma}-bonded boron framework for the design of high-Tc superconducting borides that may expand to a broader variety of lightweight compounds.Comment: 5 page

FeSiO4H2 stabilized at subducting slab conditions: A geologically viable water carrier into the Earth's lower mantle

Hydrous minerals hold the key to unlocking the enduring mystery of the water cycle deep inside the Earth. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to identifying geologically viable minerals meeting stringent pressure-temperature-density stability requirements for descent into deep Earth, and such pursuits remain active. Here, we identify two hydrous iron silicates, α- and β−FeSiO4H2, formed by a reaction of Earth-abundant FeSiO3 and H2O and stabilized at the pressure-temperature conditions in cold subducting slabs. These phases have a sufficiently high density for a stable descent into the Earth's lower mantle, and then decompose to release water after reaching equilibrium with the mantle geotherm. Moreover, Mg(Fe)SiO4H2 solutions are found to be more stable than the pure substances and can serve as effective carriers to transport substantial amounts of water to lower-mantle regions via the cold subduction zones. These findings establish a viable and robust material basis for the deep-Earth water cycle, with major implications for elucidation of many prominent geological processes

IPC02-27155 DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE DIAMETER X70 HIGH TOUGHNESS HSAW LINEPIPE FOR GAS TRANSMMISION

ABSTRACT X70 large diameter linepipe with helical seam SAW were developed, with1016mm OD and 14.6mm WT. Acicular ferrite type linepipe steel is adopted for the base material, which was found having high toughness and low yield strength loss after pipe forming. The very stringent requirements for toughness, i.e. 190J/140J for average/minimum for pipe body and 120J/90J for average/minimum for weld and HAZ were meet successfully. The yield strength loss due to Bauschinger effect was found lower than 20 MPa, which benefited

México: informe de la coyuntura económica: primer trimestre de 1999

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Mesenchymal stem cells as carriers and amplifiers in CRAd delivery to tumors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered to be the attractive vehicles for delivering therapeutic agents toward various tumor diseases. This study was to explore the distribution pattern, kinetic delivery of adenovirus, and therapeutic efficacy of the MSC loading of E1A mutant conditionally replicative adenovirus Adv-Stat3(-) which selectively replicated and expressed high levels of anti-sense Stat3 complementary DNA in breast cancer and melanoma cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We assessed the release ability of conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd) from MSC using crystal violet staining, TCID₅₀assay, and quantitative PCR. In vitro killing competence of MSCs carrying Adv-Stat3(-) toward breast cancer and melanoma was performed using co-culture system of transwell plates. We examined tumor tropism of MSC by Prussian blue staining and immunofluorescence. In vivo killing competence of MSCs carrying Adv-Stat3(-) toward breast tumor was analyzed by comparison of tumor volumes and survival periods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Adv-Stat3(-) amplified in MSCs and were released 4 days after infection. MSCs carrying Adv-Stat3(-) caused viral amplification, depletion of Stat3 and its downstream proteins, and led to significant apoptosis in breast cancer and melanoma cell lines. In vivo experiments confirmed the preferential localization of MSCs in the tumor periphery 24 hours after tail vein injection, and this localization was mainly detected in the tumor parenchyma after 72 hours. Intravenous injection of MSCs carrying Adv-Stat3(-) suppressed the Stat3 pathway, down-regulated Ki67 expression, and recruited CD11b-positive cells in the local tumor, inhibiting tumor growth and increasing the survival of tumor-bearing mice.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results indicate that MSCs migrate to the tumor site in a time-dependent manner and could be an effective platform for the targeted delivery of CRAd and the amplification of tumor killing effects.</p

ESAFORM 2021 cup drawing benchmark of an Al alloy: Critical follow up analysis of its potentials

peer reviewedThe 1st ESAFORM Benchmark, called EXACT [1], enabled an in-depth study of the factors that contribute to the accuracy of predictions and efficiency of finite element (FE) simulations of deep drawing of a cup from AA 6016-T4 sheet through the joint work of 11 teams. FE analyses were conducted with elasto-plastic models or crystal plasticity approaches using commercial or academic FE codes. This paper reminds the content of EXACT benchmark and gives new results that highlight the importance of the tool stiffness and various contact conditions to predict the ironing forces and the thickness distribution along the cup wall. The use of the Benchmark experimental data and virtual tests performed with DAMASK crystal plasticity code to identify and validate a two-surface kinematic hardening model based on Yoshida and Uemori approach is also discussed.ESAFORM Benchmark grant 202

The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results

acceptedVersionPeer reviewe