43 research outputs found
Distributed Abductive Reasoning: Theory, Implementation and Application
Abductive reasoning is a powerful logic inference mechanism that allows assumptions to be
made during answer computation for a query, and thus is suitable for reasoning over incomplete
knowledge. Multi-agent hypothetical reasoning is the application of abduction in a distributed
setting, where each computational agent has its local knowledge representing partial world and
the union of all agents' knowledge is still incomplete. It is different from simple distributed
query processing because the assumptions made by the agents must also be consistent with
global constraints.
Multi-agent hypothetical reasoning has many potential applications, such as collaborative planning
and scheduling, distributed diagnosis and cognitive perception. Many of these applications
require the representation of arithmetic constraints in their problem specifications as well as
constraint satisfaction support during the computation. In addition, some applications may
have confidentiality concerns as restrictions on the information that can be exchanged between
the agents during their collaboration. Although a limited number of distributed abductive systems
have been developed, none of them is generic enough to support the above requirements.
In this thesis we develop, in the spirit of Logic Programming, a generic and extensible distributed
abductive system that has the potential to target a wide range of distributed problem
solving applications. The underlying distributed inference algorithm incorporates constraint
satisfaction and allows non-ground conditional answers to be computed. Its soundness and
completeness have been proved. The algorithm is customisable in that different inference and
coordination strategies (such as goal selection and agent selection strategies) can be adopted
while maintaining correctness. A customisation that supports confidentiality during problem
solving has been developed, and is used in application domains such as distributed security
policy analysis. Finally, for evaluation purposes, a
flexible experimental environment has been
built for automatically generating different classes of distributed abductive constraint logic programs.
This environment has been used to conduct empirical investigation of the performance
of the customised system
Multi-agent Confidential Abductive Reasoning
In the context of multi-agent hypothetical reasoning, agents typically have partial knowledge about their environments, and the union of such knowledge is still incomplete to represent the whole world. Thus, given a global query they collaborate with each other to make correct inferences and hypothesis, whilst maintaining global constraints. Most collaborative reasoning systems operate on the assumption that agents can share or communicate any information they have. However, in application domains like multi-agent systems for healthcare or distributed software agents for security policies in coalition networks, confidentiality of knowledge is an additional
primary concern. These agents are required to collaborately compute consistent answers for a query whilst preserving their own private information. This paper addresses this issue showing how this dichotomy between "open communication" in collaborative reasoning and protection of confidentiality can be accommodated. We present a general-purpose distributed abductive logic programming system for multi-agent hypothetical reasoning with confidentiality. Specifically, the system computes consistent conditional answers for a query over a set of distributed normal logic programs with possibly unbound domains and arithmetic constraints, preserving the private information within the logic programs. A case study on security policy analysis in distributed coalition networks is described, as an example of many applications of this system
Class-Specific Attention (CSA) for Time-Series Classification
Most neural network-based classifiers extract features using several hidden
layers and make predictions at the output layer by utilizing these extracted
features. We observe that not all features are equally pronounced in all
classes; we call such features class-specific features. Existing models do not
fully utilize the class-specific differences in features as they feed all
extracted features from the hidden layers equally to the output layers. Recent
attention mechanisms allow giving different emphasis (or attention) to
different features, but these attention models are themselves class-agnostic.
In this paper, we propose a novel class-specific attention (CSA) module to
capture significant class-specific features and improve the overall
classification performance of time series. The CSA module is designed in a way
such that it can be adopted in existing neural network (NN) based models to
conduct time series classification. In the experiments, this module is plugged
into five start-of-the-art neural network models for time series classification
to test its effectiveness by using 40 different real datasets. Extensive
experiments show that an NN model embedded with the CSA module can improve the
base model in most cases and the accuracy improvement can be up to 42%. Our
statistical analysis show that the performance of an NN model embedding the CSA
module is better than the base NN model on 67% of MTS and 80% of UTS test cases
and is significantly better on 11% of MTS and 13% of UTS test cases.Comment: 12 page
Pandora: A reasoning toolbox using natural deduction style.
Abstract Pandora is a tool for supporting the learning of first order natural deduction. It includes a help window, an interactive context sensitive tutorial known as the ''e-tutor'' and facilities to save, reload and export to . Every attempt to apply a natural deduction rule is met with either success or a helpful error message, providing the student with instant feedback. Detailed electronic logs of student usage are recorded for evaluation purposes. This paper describes the basic functionality, the e-tutor, our experiences of using the tool in teaching and our future plans
Distributed abductive reasoning : theory, implementation and application
Abductive reasoning is a powerful logic inference mechanism that allows assumptions to be made during answer computation for a query, and thus is suitable for reasoning over incomplete knowledge. Multi-agent hypothetical reasoning is the application of abduction in a distributed setting, where each computational agent has its local knowledge representing partial world and the union of all agents' knowledge is still incomplete. It is different from simple distributed query processing because the assumptions made by the agents must also be consistent with global constraints. Multi-agent hypothetical reasoning has many potential applications, such as collaborative planning and scheduling, distributed diagnosis and cognitive perception. Many of these applications require the representation of arithmetic constraints in their problem specifications as well as constraint satisfaction support during the computation. In addition, some applications may have confidentiality concerns as restrictions on the information that can be exchanged between the agents during their collaboration. Although a limited number of distributed abductive systems have been developed, none of them is generic enough to support the above requirements. In this thesis we develop, in the spirit of Logic Programming, a generic and extensible distributed abductive system that has the potential to target a wide range of distributed problem solving applications. The underlying distributed inference algorithm incorporates constraint satisfaction and allows non-ground conditional answers to be computed. Its soundness and completeness have been proved. The algorithm is customisable in that different inference and coordination strategies (such as goal selection and agent selection strategies) can be adopted while maintaining correctness. A customisation that supports confidentiality during problem solving has been developed, and is used in application domains such as distributed security policy analysis. Finally, for evaluation purposes, a flexible experimental environment has been built for automatically generating different classes of distributed abductive constraint logic programs. This environment has been used to conduct empirical investigation of the performance of the customised system.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Pandora: A reasoning toolbox using natural deduction style.
Abstract Pandora is a tool for supporting the learning of first order natural deduction. It includes a help window, an interactive context sensitive tutorial known as the "e-tutor" and facilities to save, reload and export to latex. Every attempt to apply a natural deduction rule is met with either success or a helpful error message, providing the student with instant feedback. Detailed electronic logs of student usage are recorded for evaluation purposes. This paper describes the basic functionality, the e-tutor, our experiences of using the tool in teaching and our future plans