1,285 research outputs found
production and suppression in high energy proton-nucleus collisions
We apply a Color Glass Condensate+Non-Relativistic QCD (CGC+NRQCD) framework
to compute production in deuteron-nucleus collisions at RHIC and
proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC. Our results match smoothly at high
to a next-to-leading order perturbative QCD + NRQCD computation.
Excellent agreement is obtained for spectra at RHIC and LHC for
central and forward rapidities, as well as for the normalized ratio of
these results to spectra in proton-proton collisions. In particular, we observe
that the data is strongly bounded by our computations of the same for
each of the individual NRQCD channels; this result provides strong evidence
that our description is robust against uncertainties in initial conditions and
hadronization mechanisms.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
versus suppression in proton-nucleus collisions from factorization violating soft color exchanges
We argue that the large suppression of the inclusive cross-section
relative to the inclusive cross-section in proton-nucleus (p+A)
collisions can be attributed to factorization breaking effects in the formation
of quarkonium. These factorization breaking effects arise from soft color
exchanges between charm-anticharm pairs undergoing hadronization and comoving
partons that are long-lived on time scales of quarkonium formation. We compute
the short distance pair production of heavy quarks in the Color Glass
Condensate (CGC) effective field theory and employ an improved Color
Evaporation model (ICEM) to describe their hadronization into quarkonium at
large distances. The combined CGC+ICEM model provides a quantitative
description of and data in proton-proton (p+p) collisions
from both RHIC and the LHC. Factorization breaking effects in hadronization,
due to additional parton comovers in the nucleus, are introduced heuristically
by imposing a cutoff , representing the momentum kick from soft color
exchanges, in the ICEM model. Such soft exchanges have no perceptible effect on
suppression in p+A collisions. In contrast, the interplay of the
physics of these soft exchanges at large distances, with the physics of
semi-hard rescattering at short distances, causes a significant additional
suppression of yields relative to that of the . A good fit
of all RHIC and LHC and data, for transverse momenta
GeV in p+p and p+A collisions, is obtained for
MeV.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures. v2: version accepted for publication in PR
Necessity for quantum coherence of nondegeneracy in energy flow
In this work, we show that the quantum coherence among non-degenerate energy
subspaces (CANES) is essential for the energy flow in any quantum system. CANES
satisfies almost all of the requirements as a coherence measure, except that
the coherence within degenerate subspaces is explicitly eliminated.We show that
the energy of a system becomes frozen if and only if the corresponding CANES
vanishes, which is true regardless of the form of interaction with the
environment. However, CANES can remain zero even if the entanglement changes
over time. Furthermore, we show how the power of energy flow is bounded by the
value of CANES. An explicit relation connecting the variation of energy and
CANES is also presented. These results allow us to bound the generation of
system-environment correlation through the local measurement of the system's
energy flow
More Interpretable Graph Similarity Computation via Maximum Common Subgraph Inference
Graph similarity measurement, which computes the distance/similarity between
two graphs, arises in various graph-related tasks. Recent learning-based
methods lack interpretability, as they directly transform interaction
information between two graphs into one hidden vector and then map it to
similarity. To cope with this problem, this study proposes a more interpretable
end-to-end paradigm for graph similarity learning, named Similarity Computation
via Maximum Common Subgraph Inference (INFMCS). Our critical insight into
INFMCS is the strong correlation between similarity score and Maximum Common
Subgraph (MCS). We implicitly infer MCS to obtain the normalized MCS size, with
the supervision information being only the similarity score during training. To
capture more global information, we also stack some vanilla transformer encoder
layers with graph convolution layers and propose a novel permutation-invariant
node Positional Encoding. The entire model is quite simple yet effective.
Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that INFMCS consistently outperforms
state-of-the-art baselines for graph-graph classification and regression tasks.
Ablation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed computation
paradigm and other components. Also, visualization and statistics of results
reveal the interpretability of INFMCS
Subnational institutions and open innovation: evidence from China
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how subnational institutions within a country explain the performance consequences of open innovation (OI) in emerging market enterprises (EMEs).
Design/methodology/approach: The paper conducts a regression analysis by using a novel panel data set comprising of 438 innovative Chinese firms over the period of 2008-2011.
Findings: The authors show that although on average openness to external actors improves innovation performance this effect is pronounced for EMEs that operate in subnational regions with a higher level of intellectual property rights (IPR) enforcement and of factor market development. The findings point to the context-dependent nature of OI strategy and the complementary effect of institutional parameters in emerging markets and help to reconcile the contrasting findings regarding the effect of OI in the prior literature.
Originality/value: This paper extends the literature on OI by suggesting that the analysis of the performance consequences of OI strategy should go beyond the nexus between OI and firm performance, and instead, focus on subnational-specific institutions, such as region-specific IPR enforcement, factor market development and intermediation market development, that may facilitate or constrain the effect of OI model
rac-1-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-nitro-5-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-2-imine
In the title compound C13H19N5O4, which belongs to the insecticidally active neonicotinoid group of compounds, the triazane ring exhibits a half-chair conformation. The large discrepancy between the two nitro O—N—N bond angles [116.1 (2) and 123.98 (19)°] may be attributed to intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding involving one of the nitro O atoms as the acceptor. The delocalization of the electrons extends as far as the nitro group, forming coplanar π-electron networks. In the crystal, inversion dimers lined by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur
Ethyl 1-[(4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
In the title compound, C16H20O5, the dihedral angle between the planar rings, viz. benzene and cyclopropane, is 52.1 (2)°. Molecules are connected in the crystal via weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains in the [001] direction
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