Multinomial solutions of the beach equation

Exact multinomial solutions of the beach equation for shallow water waves on a uniformly sloping beach are found and related to solution of the same equation found earlier by other investigators, using integral transform techniques. The use of these solutions for a general initialvalue problem for the equation under investigation is briefly discussed

Role of pancreatic stellate cell-derived exosomes in pancreatic cancer-related diabetes: A novel hypothesis

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating condition characterised by vague symptomatology and delayed diagnosis. About 30% of PDAC patients report a history of new onset diabetes, usually diagnosed within 3 years prior to the diagnosis of cancer. Thus, new onset diabetes, which is also known as pancreatic cancer-related diabetes (PCRD), could be a harbinger of PDAC. Diabetes is driven by progressive β cell loss/dysfunction and insulin resistance, two key features that are also found in PCRD. Experimental studies suggest that PDAC cell-derived exosomes carry factors that are detrimental to β cell function and insulin sensitivity. However, the role of stromal cells, particularly pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), in the pathogenesis of PCRD is not known. PSCs are present around the earliest neoplastic lesions and around islets. Given that PSCs interact closely with cancer cells to drive cancer progression, it is possible that exosomal cargo from both cancer cells and PSCs plays a role in modulating β cell function and peripheral insulin resistance. Identification of such mediators may help elucidate the mechanisms of PCRD and aid early detection of PDAC. This paper discusses the concept of a novel role of PSCs in the pathogenesis of PCRD

Fast Finite Element Solution for a Long Rectangular Surface Coil Placed Above a Flawed Layered Half Space

To analyze the interaction between an eddy current coil and a flaw, one generally needs to solve a three-dimensional vector diffusion equation, which is an involved task. Whenever possible, means to use instead two- and one-dimensional models are sought. The electromagnetic field of an eddy current surface coil often can be calculated through the spatial frequency analysis. Transforming the diffusion equation and boundary conditions into the spatial frequency domain, solution can be calculated using inverse transforms when the response at any spatial frequency is determined. The behavior of a long rectangular surface coil placed perpendicularly above a long surface breaking crack in a conductive layered half space, has been analyzed with this method. The interaction of a plane wave of spatial frequency a with a long flaw in a conductive half space represents a 2D problem. Solving the transformed diffusion equation with the finite element method (FEM) for a numbers of spatial frequencies, and carrying out the inverse transform, a good agreement between theory and experiment was obtained. As has been shown elsewhere, even a single main spatial frequency gives a reasonably good approximation. The two-dimensional FEM solution is performed for the two-component vector magnetic potential and the scalar electric potential. The system of algebraic equations was obtained using Galerkin weak formulation for the transformed diffusion equation, and solved using various numeric methods. The technique was validated at 100 MHz using long rectangular surface coils a set of austenitic stainless .steel samples coated with 60 and 100 µm tin layers, containing 500 µm deep EDM notches

High concentration formulation studies of an IgG2 antibody using small angle X-ray scattering

Concentrated protein formulations are strongly influenced by protein-protein interactions. These can be probed at low protein concentration by e.g. virial coefficients. It was recently suggested that interactions are attractive at short distances and repulsive at longer distances. Measurements at low concentrations mainly sample longer distances, hence may not predict high concentration behavior. Here we demonstrate that small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements simultaneously collect information on interactions at short and long distances.IgG2 antibody samples at concentrations up to 122 mg/ml are analyzed using SAXS and compared to Circular Dichroism (CD), Fluorescence, Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis.DLS and SEC analyses reveal attraction between antibodies at high concentrations. SAXS data analysis provides an elaborate understanding and shows both attractive and repulsive forces. The protein-protein interactions are strongly affected by excipients. No change in the solution state of IgG2 is observed at pH 4-8, while samples at pH 3 exhibit heavy oligomerization. The solution conformation of the examined IgG2 derived from SAXS data is a T-shape.SAXS analysis resolves simultaneous attractive and repulsive interactions, and details the effect of excipients on the interactions, while providing three-dimensional structural information from low-concentration samples

Management of patients with multiple myeloma in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a consensus paper from the European Myeloma Network (EMN)

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) seem to be at increased risk for more severe COVID-19 infection and associated complications due to their immunocompromised state, the older age and comorbidities. The European Myeloma Network has provided an expert consensus statement in order to guide therapeutic decisions in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient education for personal hygiene and social distancing measures, along with treatment individualization, telemedicine and continuous surveillance for early diagnosis of COVID-19 are essential. In countries or local communities where COVID-19 infection is widely spread, MM patients should have a PCR test of nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 before hospital admission, starting a new treatment line, cell apheresis or ASCT in order to avoid ward or community spread and infections. Oral agent-based regimens should be considered, especially for the elderly and frail patients with standard risk disease, whereas de-intensified regimens for dexamethasone, bortezomib, carfilzomib and daratumumab should be used based on patient risk and response. Treatment initiation should not be postponed for patients with end organ damage, myeloma emergencies and aggressive relapses. Autologous (and especially allogeneic) transplantation should be delayed and extended induction should be administered, especially in standard risk patients and those with adequate MM response to induction. Watchful waiting should be considered for standard risk relapsed patients with low tumor burden, and slow biochemical relapses. The conduction of clinical trials should continue with appropriate adaptations to the current circumstances. Patients with MM and symptomatic COVID-19 disease should interrupt anti-myeloma treatment until recovery. For patients with positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, but with no symptoms for COVID-19, a 14-day quarantine should be considered if myeloma-related events allow the delay of treatment. The need for surveillance for drug interactions due to polypharmacy is highlighted. The participation in international COVID-19 cancer registries is greatly encouraged