Regional Specialization Pattern of Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) in Turkey

Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) are perceived as important drives of economic development and innovation. In general, KIBS are one of the most important activities of regional and national scale development in terms of economic power, knowledge production and knowledge transfer and therefore, geographical density of KIBS are expected to be a critical factor for regions. The paper seeks to introduce the concept of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) and to analyze the role of KIBS in regional development, especially from the viewpoint of regional specialization. For this purpose, detailed sector data have been used. Knowledge-intensive business services are subordinate to producer services and are defined in 10 sub-sectors. These 10 sub-sectors have been analyzed for 26 NUTS-2 regions of Turkey, based on the number of workplace and employment, and giro data of the years of 2009 and 2015 received from Turkey Statistics Institution. The location quotient (LQ) technique has been used in the analysis. The results show that all KIBS sectors, except the telecommunication sector, have been specialized in metropolitan cities. Explaining the regional specialization pattern of the KIBS is very important for offering guidance to regional plans and policy makers

European Union and Turkey's tourism policy: The economics influences of tourism industry

YÖK Tez No: 344584Bu araştırmanın amacı, Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye'nin, turizm sektörünü ve turizm politikalarını inceleyerek, karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde tartışmaktır. Ayrıca, turizm sektörünün ekonomiye olan etkilerinin boyutunun incelenmesi de amaçlanmıştır.Çalışma sonucunda, hem Avrupa Birliği'nin hem de Türkiye'nin turizm sektörüne yönelik özel politikalar oluşturmadığı; ancak Avrupa Birliği'nin sektöre dair bazı düzenlemeler yaptığı saptanmıştır. Buna paralel olarak, Türkiye'nin de Avrupa Birliği'nin düzenlemelerini esas alarak, mevzuatını geliştirdiği ve Avrupa Birliği ile ortak çalışmalar yürüttüğü görülmüştür.Ayrıca, turizm sektörüne yönelik talebin gün geçtikçe arttığı, bunun gerek Türkiye gerekse Avrupa Birliği ekonomisine giderek artan oranda katkı yaptığı anlaşılmıştır. Ancak Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye'nin turizm politikası oluşturarak bunları uygulamaya koymasının bir zaruret olduğu, aksi halde gelecekte beklenen olumlu sonuçların elde edilmesinin oldukça zorlaşacağı değerlendirilmiştir.The aim of this research is to analyse European Union?s and Turkey?s tourism industry and economic politics by discussing comparatively. Furthermore it is also intended to review the measures of tourism industry?s effect on economics.As a result of this research, it is determined that neither European Union nor Turkey developed executive policies for Turkey?s tourism industry however European Union had made various regulations. Correspondingly, it is appeared that Turkey also improved law on the basis of European Union regulations and performed collaboration with European Union.Also, it is perceived that there has been more and more increase in demand on tourism industry and this reap lasting benefits for both Turkey?s and European Union?s economy. However it is considered that there is absolute necessity for European Union and Turkey to make tourism policy and put it into effect otherwise it would get difficult to gain the expected positive results in the future