Lack of observational evidence for quantum structure of space-time at Plank scales

It has been noted (Lieu & Hillmann, 2002) that the cumulative affect of Planck-scale phenomenology, or the structure of space-time at extremely small scales, can be lead to the loss of phase of radiation emitted at large distances from the observer. We elaborate on such an approach and demonstrate that such an effect would lead to an apparent blurring of distant point-sources. Evidence of the diffraction pattern from the HST observations of SN 1994D and the unresolved appearance of a Hubble Deep Field galaxy at z=5.34 lead us to put stringent limits on the effects of Planck-scale phenomenology.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, accepter for ApJ

Exchange Controls And The Parallel Premium In Tanzania, 1967-90

Developments in Tanzania’s parallel foreign exchange market have mirrored the evolution of macroeconomic policy in that country since its independence in 1961. At independence, Tanzania operated a relatively open trade and payments regime supported by conservative monetary and fiscal policies. These policies survived the introduction of the Tanzanian shilling in 1965, but the Arusha Declaration of 1967 generated a fundamental reorientation under the rubric of self-reliance and African socialism. In the two decades following the Arusha Declaration, the exchange rate in Tanzania’s illegal parallel foreign exchange market rose at a rate of nearly 2.5 percent per month, more than three times as rapidly as the official exchange rate. By early 1986, the parallel rate exceeded the official rate by more than 800 percent