Building a document genre corpus: a profile of the KRYS I corpus

This paper describes the KRYS I corpus, consisting of documents classified into 70 genre classes. It has been constructed as part of an effort to automate document genre classification as distinct from topic detection. Previously there has been very little work on building corpora of texts which have been classified using a nontopical genre palette. The reason for this is partly due to the fact that genre as a concept, is rooted in philosophy, rhetoric and literature, and highly complex and domain dependent in its interpretation ([11]). The usefulness of genre in everyday information search is only now starting to be recognised and there is no genre classification schema that has been consolidated to have applicable value in this direction. By presenting here our experiences in constructing the KRYS I corpus, we hope to shed light on the information gathering and seeking behaviour and the role of genre in these activities, as well as a way forward for creating a better corpus for testing automated genre classification tasks and the application of these tasks to other domains.

Patterns and Determinants of Open Defecation among Urban People

At the present time, an estimated of 673 million people defecate in the open space, not in private. Indonesia is a densely populated country with a lot of open defecation (OD) both in urban (37%) and rural areas (43%). Tanjung Karang Pusat Subdistrict is an area in Bandar Lampung City with the highest percentage of OD practice (45%). This study aimed to explore and explain the patterns and determinants of OD among urban people in the Tanjung Karang Pusat Subdistrict in- volving 377 respondents for quantitative analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using the chi square and regression analysis. After controlling the economic status and education level variables, the data revealed that urban communities were still practicing OD (23.3%) with land ownership, latrine ownership, conative attitude, and occupation as influential factors. Statistical test results showed that the most influential factor in the behavior of OD in the community was latrine ownership (p-value <0.001, OR adj = 58.2). These findings suggested that stakeholders must take action on landowners who do not allow sanitation facilities to be built on their land

Seasonal cycle of precipitation variability in South America on intraseasonal timescales

The seasonal cycle of the intraseasonal (IS) variability of precipitation in South America is described through the analysis of bandpass filtered outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies. The analysis is discriminated between short (10--30 days) and long (30--90 days) intraseasonal timescales. The seasonal cycle of the 30--90-day IS variability can be well described by the activity of first leading pattern (EOF1) computed separately for the wet season (October--April) and the dry season (May--September). In agreement with previous works, the EOF1 spatial distribution during the wet season is that of a dipole with centers of actions in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and southeastern South America (SESA), while during the dry season, only the last center is discernible. In both seasons, the pattern is highly influenced by the activity of the Madden--Julian Oscillation (MJO). Moreover, EOF1 is related with a tropical zonal-wavenumber-1 structure superposed with coherent wave trains extended along the South Pacific during the wet season, while during the dry season the wavenumber-1 structure is not observed. The 10--30-day IS variability of OLR in South America can be well represented by the activity of the EOF1 computed through considering all seasons together, a dipole but with the stronger center located over SESA. While the convection activity at the tropical band does not seem to influence its activity, there are evidences that the atmospheric variability at subtropical-extratropical regions might have a role. Subpolar wavetrains are observed in the Pacific throughout the year and less intense during DJF, while a path of wave energy dispersion along a subtropical wavetrain also characterizes the other seasons. Further work is needed to identify the sources of the 10--30-day-IS variability in South America

FOLK MUSIC IN CULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN PROVINCE: ISSUES OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND THEIR ATTRIBUTION

The article presents an attempt to carry out the cultural analysis of folk music in culture of the Russian province. The author made the conclusion that the folk song in variety of its genre and regional options as a significant factor of preservation of national cultural tradition is a peculiar way of the Russian province "self-description", its spatial and mental properties

A trial for the use of qigong in the treatment of pre and mild essential hypertension: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the prevalence of hypertension tends to increase with age. Current treatments for hypertension have side effects and poor adherence. Qigong has been studied as an alternative therapy for hypertension; however, the types of qigong used in those studies were diverse, and there have not been many well-designed randomized controlled trials.</p> <p>Our objectives are the following: 1) To evaluate the effects of qigong on blood pressure, health status and hormone levels for pre- or mild hypertension. 2) To test the methodological appropriateness of this clinical trial and calculate a sample size for future randomized trials.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Forty subjects with pre- or mild hypertension will be randomized to either the qigong exercise group or the non-treated group. Participants in the qigong group will conduct qigong exercises 5 times per week for 8 weeks, and participants in the non-treated group will maintain their current lifestyle, including diet and exercise. The use of antihypertensive medication is not permitted. The primary endpoint is a change in patient blood pressure. Secondary endpoints are patient health status (as measured by the SF-36 and the MYMOP2 questionnaires) and changes in hormone levels, including norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This study will be the first randomized trial to investigate the effectiveness of qigong exercises for the treatment of pre- and mild hypertension. The results of this study will help to establish the optimal approach for the care of adults with pre- or mild hypertension.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Clinical Research Information Service KCT0000140</p

Development and exploratory cluster-randomised opportunistic trial of a theory-based intervention to enhance physical activity among adolescents

Peer reviewedPostprin

Studi Evaluasi Kelayakan Finansial pada Sistem Irigasi Tetes (Drip Irrigation) Pada Tanaman Stroberi di Desa Pandanrejo, Kec. Bumiaji, Kota Batu.

Irigasi tetes merupakan metode pemberian air dengan debit yang rendah. Sistem irigasi tetes dapat menghemat pemakaian air, karena dapat meminimumkan kehilangankehilangan air yang mungkin terjadi. Penggunaan sistem irigasi tetes perlu dipertimbangkan dari sisi analisis finansial. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui analisis dari segi finansial berdasarkan kriteria investasi. Kriteria investasi yang digunakan antara lain Net B/C, NPV, IRR, dan BEP . Pemberian penilaian dari segi finansial pada sistem irigasi tetes dirasa perlu untuk mengetahui tingkat kelayakan proyek yang dilaksanakan. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Pandanrejo, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur. Lokasi penelitian terletak pada 7°52'1.72"S dan 112°32'43.33"E. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi mengenai biaya serta manfaat dari sistem irigasi tetes, mengevaluasi secara finansial terhadap sistem irigasi tetes, dan memberikan penilaian terhadap efisiensi ekonomis pada sistem irigasi tetes. Metode dalam pengumpulan data yaitu berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Data yang didapat dari hasil penelitian terdiri dari data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif, yang selanjutnya akan dianalisis sesuai dengan jenisnya. Analisis kuantitatif yang berkenaan dengan aspek finansial dengan menghitung Net Present Value (NPV), Net B/C, Internal Rate of Return (IRR),dan Break Even Point (BEP). Data kualitatif berkenaan dengan analisis deskriptif gambaran lokasi penelitian. Untuk mengetahui mana usulan proyek yang menguntungkan atau tidak, maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi proyek dengan cara menghitung manfaat dan biaya yang diperlukan sepanjangan umur usaha. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, proyek irigasi tetes menunjukkan bahwa layak untuk dijalankan berdasarkan kriteria investasi. Hasil perhitungan NPV didapatkan sebesar Rp 99.821.269,148. Hasil perhitungan IRR diperoleh sebesar 44.475%. Hasil perhitungan Net B/C didapatkan sebesar 2.003. Hasil perhitungan BEP didapatkan sebesar 483.21 kg/tahun, sedangkan BEP rupiah diperoleh sebesar Rp 14.703,23/kg

Rotation Curves of Spiral Galaxies

Rotation curves of spiral galaxies are the major tool for determining the distribution of mass in spiral galaxies. They provide fundamental information for understanding the dynamics, evolution and formation of spiral galaxies. We describe various methods to derive rotation curves, and review the results obtained. We discuss the basic characteristics of observed rotation curves in relation to various galaxy properties, such as Hubble type, structure, activity, and environment.Comment: 40 pages, 6 gif figures; Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. Vol. 39, p.137, 200