Design and Development of an Airblast Atomiser for the KAVERI engine and the sectoral combustor tests

This report deals with the design and development of an airblast atomiser for application in the KAVERI engine. Five atomisers of the chosen design were fabricated and tested at ambient conditions to determine the fuel spray SMD, patternation, cone angle and atomiser flow number. The atomiser performance parameters specified were achieved and hot tests carried out in the 90° combustor sector. The combustor pressure loss, exit temperature distribution, ignition and stability limits were evaluate

An isobar contour plot progrz

A computer program was developed to obtain ; isobar contours from the total pressure measurements at the engine face of an 1/3 scale model of an aircraft intake duct provided by ADA . A cubic spline method was used to interpolate the total pressure value between the measuring stations . The isobar contour plots were obtained for engine face Mach numbers\ud varying from 0.17 to 0 .43

Calibration of Pitot static probes for HAL, Koraput

This document explains the calibration procedure adopted to test the pitot-static probes, as required by HAL, Koraput . These probes (16 n.o)s were calibrated in the 254 min x 102 mm induction tunnel of the Aerodynamics Division of the Laboratory . The probe calibration factor were determined and tabulated as show

Formulation and evaluation of a sublingual tablet containing terbutaline sulphate: optimisation and in vivo studies

La finalidad de este trabajo de investigación es la formulación de un comprimido sublingual de sulfatode terbutalina de acción rápida y mejorar la biodisponibilidad y el cumplimiento de las pautas por partedel paciente. Para la preparación de los gránulos se utilizó una técnica de granulación húmeda. Seprepararon formulaciones basadas en el diseño factorial con variables de formulación 32: la cantidad decelulosa microcristalina (MCC) (X1) y la crospovidona como componente bioadhesivo (X2). Comovariables de respuesta se evaluaron la resistencia al aplastamiento, la friabilidad y el tiempo de desintegración(DT). Los principales efectos y términos de interacción se evaluaron cuantitativamente medianteun modelo cuadrático. Los resultados revelaron que la cantidad de MCC y crospovidona afectabansignificativamente a las variables de respuesta. La formulación optimizada de comprimidos contiene 31,5mg de MCC y 4,5 mg de crospovidona, se desintegra en un período corto con un índice DT de 30,2+ 5,5 seg. y tiene una resistencia al aplastamiento suficiente y una friabilidad aceptable. Las concentracionesplasmáticas de terbutalina se obtuvieron a los 5 minutos. Los resultados indican que lacrospovidona, un componente bioadhesivo, impide tragar la terbutalina, sin afectar a su liberación yabsorción. En conclusión, la formulación del comprimido sublingual se puede extrapolar a otros fármacosen los que se desee una absorción rápida.The objective of this research was to formulate a sublingual tablet formulation of terbutaline for rapidaction, and to improve both bioavailability and patient compliance to therapy. A wet granulation techniquewas adapted to prepare the granules. Granule formulations were prepared using an adapted wet granulationtechnique based on a 32 full factorial design. The formulation variables were expressed as follows;quantity of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), (X1), and bioadhesive component crospovidone, (X2),while crushing strength, friability and disintegration time (DT) were determined as response variables.The main effects and interaction terms were quantitatively evaluated using a quadratic model. The resultsobtained showed that the quantity of MCC and crospovidone significantly affect response variables. Anoptimised tablet formulation, containing 31.5 mg of MCC and 4.5 mg of crospovidone, provides a shortDT of 30.2 + 5.5 sec with sufficient crushing strength and acceptable friability, while DT for serumconcentrations of terbutaline were obtained within 5 min. The results indicate that the inclusion ofcrospovidone, a bioadhesive component, in sublingual tablet formulations, makes the swallowing of tablets unnecessary, because the release and absorption of the terbutaline in such formulations isacceptably effective. In conclusion, the developed sublingual tablet formulations is of interest, becauseit can be extrapolated to other drugs, where rapid absorption is desirable

Dendroclimatic analysis of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) annual rings from two locations of peninsular India

Climate-related tree-growth variability in teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) has been studied based on response function analysis from dry deciduous forests of Mundagod (Karnataka) and Chandrapur (Maharashtra), peninsular India, representing two ecological zones. Rainfall during the monsoon months of the current year was found to be positively associated with radial growth of teak at both sites, whereas premonsoon April rainfall was found to be negatively associated. Rainfall and temperature of the current year during March have positive influence on the growth of teak at Chandrapur and Mundagod respectively. Furthermore, rainfall during October of the preceding year showed negative influence on tree growth at Mundagod and positive influence at Chandrapur, which might be due to the difference in relative humidity and soil type at both the locations, apart from soil moisture

A study on awareness, occupational risk perception & level of vaccination against hepatitis-B among medical & nursing students in tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad

Background: HBV(Hepatitis B Virus) infection is an occupational hazard for health care workers  and the risk of acquiring HBV infections depends on the frequency of percutaneous and permucosal exposure to blood or blood-contaminated body fluids. Avoiding occupational blood exposure is primary preventive means for the transmission of HBV. However, the single most effective measure for the prevention of hepatitis B is active immunisation.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried among 204 medical and nursing students in second year of their course using pre-designed questionnaire comprised of questions which included age, sex, qualification, awareness, occupational risk perception & vaccination against hepatitis B infection.  Results: 69.12% of the respondents knew various modes of transmission of hepatitis B. More than half (56.86%) of the respondents knew that HBV infection causes liver cancer. 79.41% of the respondents knew the correct course of action after a needle stick injury. Only 61.27% of the respondents knew that blood soaked cotton and dressings are discarded in yellow coloured bags and that sharps and needles are disposed in white coloured bags. Only 36.46% of medical students & 57.41% of nursing students were completely vaccinated.  Conclusion: Considering the long-term consequences of HBV infection, the health of the study population is at risk. Preventive strategies against the diseases, especially vaccination programmes, should be developed and taken aggressively to improve the vaccination coverage among the study population.

Role of atmospheric stability over the Arabian Sea and the unprecedented failure of monsoon 2002

The anomalous behaviour of the monsoon 2002 has been studied. We have made an attempt to combine satellite and other data sources to characterize the thermal stratification over the Arabian Sea during different phases of monsoon 2002. Using NOAA-ATOVSderived atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles, we have calculated a daily stability index (SI) over the entire Indian region and surrounding oceans. The time series of SI clearly brings out the three major significant epochs of monsoon 2002. The relatively dry atmosphere west of 65° E, signifying lack of convection and an unstable atmosphere over the southeast Arabian Sea with west-to-east gradients in water vapour, SI and cloud liquid water content are noted. The unfavourable stratification during July over the entire Arabian Sea has been investigated in detail. The dominant modes of instability oscillations have been seen to be ~ 30 days both over the western and eastern Arabian Sea, while for the high-frequency modes preference was seen over the eastern part. Using the analysed fields of the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, the relative contributions of advective and subsidence components in the maintenance of stratification have been investigated. The latter has been found to have played a more dominant role in the deficit monsoon 200

Probabilistic Perception Revision in AgentSpeak(L)

Agent programming is mostly a symbolic discipline and, as such, draws little benefits from probabilistic areas as machine learning and graphical models. However, the greatest objective of agent research is the achievement of autonomy in dynamical and complex environments — a goal that implies embracing uncertainty and therefore the entailed representations, algorithms and techniques. This paper proposes an innovative and conflict free two layer approach to agent programming that uses already established methods and tools from both symbolic and probabilistic artificial intelligence. Moreover, this method is illustrated by means of a widely used agent programming example, GOLDMINERS

Variation in the ionic composition in convective showers in Pune, India

Rain water samples of equal volume (100 ml) were collected sequentially from 5 convective shower events for a period of 2 years during the summer monsoon seasons of 1988 and 1989 at Pune. A marked decrease in the concentrations of soil-oriented elements Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was observed in the first few samples in all the events followed by a decrease in pH of the subsequent samples. Surprisingly, SO42- also showed similar variation, indicating that soil is contributing some SO42- in rain water. Washout process appears to be an important mechanism for the removal of the major ions from the atmosphere. However, rainout processes seem to be important for the removal of NO3- ions. The study points out that sequential sampling during a single shower appears to give better information about the relationship among H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and NO3- as compared to bulk sampling for longer duration

LIPIDS AND ISCHEMIA MODIFIED ALBUMIN IN MILD SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM: RESPONSE TO LEVOTHYROXINE REPLACEMENT

Objective: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) less than 10 µIU/ml is a common finding discovered duringroutine thyroid function testing. Thyroxine substitution and its benefits to alleviate dyslipidemia and oxidative stress (OXs) markers at this stage area matter of debate.Methods: This study aimed to investigate the influence of thyroxine substitution on lipid profile and OXs markers in newly diagnosed SCH subjects.The study included a total number of 50 newly diagnosed (20 treated and 30 untreated), SCH subjects aged 20-50 years with (TSH<10 µIU/ml), andfree thyroxine (FT4) levels in the normal range. Patients on medications that could cause thyroid hormone dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, and currentor pregnancy during the last 2 years were excluded from the study. Serum TSH, T3, T4, FT4, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, total cholesterol (TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) weredetermined in all subjects at baseline and after 9 months.Results: After thyroxine replacement, a significant decrease in TSH, LDL, IMA and an increase in FT4 were observed. The decrease in TC was notstatistically evident. There was no significant change in T3, T4, TG, HDL, after treatment. The untreated group showed an insignificant increase onlyin TSH.Conclusion: Thyroid substitution therapy has a favorable influence on lipid profile and OXs, where it particularly reduced LDL and IMA